Lab 11: Population Genetics

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes with the same genes but different alleles

Diploid

Chromosomes with 2 sets of chromosomes

How many chromosomes do humans have

23 pairs; 46 total chromosomes

Phylogenetics

Large-scale evolution over the course of many generations

Population Genetics

Small-scale evolution with a change in allele frequency from one gen to the next

Population

The same species, living and interacting in the same area

Allele

Version of a gene

Gene Pool

Consists of all the alleles of all individuals in an interbreeding population

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

non-evolving population where frequency of alleles and genotypes remain constant

p²

frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

q²

frequency of homozygous recessive genotype

2pq

frequency of heterozygous genotype

Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, no genetic drift, no migration

Big 3 causes of evolution

Natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow

Evolution

Significant changes in allele (and genotypic) frequencies from one generation to the next