Cell life cycle

What is the cell life cycle?

Interphase + Mitosis,

Interphase

The longest phase where the cell spends most of the time preparing for division.

• includes: G1, S, and G2 phase

Interphase: G1 phase

The first growth stage where the cell is metabolically active and duplicates its organelles

Interphase: S phase

DNA replication phase, where the cell copies its DNA in a semi-conservative manner

Interphase: G2 phase

The second growth stage, where the cell continues to grow and prepare for mitosis.

Mitosis

The process of cell divisions which consist of:

• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Mitosis : Prophase

The chromatin condenses into visible chromatids

Mitosis : Metaphase

Chromatids line up along the center of the cell (the mid-line)

Mitosis : Anaphase

Chromatids are spilt apart to the opposite ends of the cell

Mitosis : Telophase

The cell starts to divide (cytokinesis); the nuclear envelope reforms and chromatids begin to uncoil.

After mitosis, the cell synthesis proteins through two main processes :

Transcription and translation

After mitosis, the cell synthesis proteins through two main processes : Transcription

The process of coping a specific region of DNA to make RNA

After mitosis, the cell synthesis proteins through two main processes : Translation

The synthesis of proteins based on the RNA sequence.

Metabolism: The cell can also process nutrients and waste. Proteins

______ are broken down into _____ _____, which can then be converted into ____ ______ for energy producing _______ as a by product. The _______ is converted to ____ and excreted in _____.

Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which can then be converted into keto acids for energy producing Ammonia as a by product. The ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in urine.

Proteins→ Amino Acids→ (Deamination)→ Keto Acids (energy)→ Ammonia→ Urea (excreted in urine)

Metabolism: The cell can also process nutrients and waste. Nucleic Acids

_______ _____ are broken down into ___________ which produce ____ acid, which is excreted in ____.

Nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides which produce uric acid, which is excreted in urine.

What is creatinine?

A byproduct of muscle metabolism.