Chapter 11: Sound

High frequency sound waves

can be used to treat certain medical problems.

Echolocation

: the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and interpreting the sound waves that are reflected back.

Pitch

: how high or low a sound seems to be.

Cochlea

: a spiral- shaped structure that is filled with liquid and contains tiny hair cells.

Sonar

: a system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects.

Doppler Effect

The : The change in pitch or wave frequency due to a moving wave source.

middle ear

When the eardrum vibrates, it passes the sound vibrations into the , where three tiny bones start to vibrate.

Resonator

: a hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound when the air inside of it vibrates.

Loudness

: the human perception of sound intensity.

Intensity

: the amount of energy that flows through a certain area in a specific amount of time.

distinct pitch

Every note has a different frequency, which gives it a(n) .

Decibel

: Each unit on the scale for sound intensity.

Acoustics

: the study of sound.

inner ear

When the membrane in the oval window vibrates, the sound vibrations are transmitted into the .

compressional wave

For a(n) , such as sound, the frequency is the number of compressions or the number of rarefactions that pass by each second.

ultrasonic waves

Reflected are used to detect and monitor conditions such as pregnancy, certain types of heart disease, and cancer.

healthy human ear

A(n) can hear sound waves with frequencies from about 20 Hz to 20, 000 Hz.

Sound waves

can travel through any type of matter- solid, liquid, or gas.

Overtone

: a vibration whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency.

Doppler radar

can show the movement of winds in storms, and, in some cases, can detect the wind rotation that leads to the formation of tornadoes.

Sound Quality

: describes the differences among sounds of the same pitch and loudness.

cochlea

It is the that converts sound waves to nerve impulses.

Ultrasonic waves

also are used to break up and remove dirt buildup from jewelry.

compressional wave

For a(n) , amplitude is related to the density of the particles in the compressions and rarefactions.

Sound waves

can not travel through empty space.

Intensity

influences how far a wave will travel because some of a waves energy is converted to other forms of energy when it is passed from particle to particle.

Eardrum

a tough membrane about 0.1 mm thick

Intensity

the amount of energy that flows through a certain area in a specific amount of time

Loudness

the human perception of sound intensity

Decibel

Each unit on the scale for sound intensity

Pitch

how high or low a sound seems to be

Ultrasonic

sound frequencies above 20,000 Hz

Music

made of sounds that are deliberately used in a regular pattern

Overtone

a vibration whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency

Resonator

a hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound when the air inside of it vibrates

Echolocation

the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and interpreting the sound waves that are reflected back

Sonar

a system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects