Lecture Notes: Urine pH, Pancreas, Oxygenation, and Gas Exchange

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the notes on urine pH, pancreas function, oxygenation, and gas exchange.

Urine pH

The acidity or basicity of urine; certain pH levels can inhibit or promote bacterial growth in the urinary tract.

Glucose in urine (glycosuria)

Presence of glucose in urine, which can indicate high blood glucose or kidney threshold changes.

Pancreas

The organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin.

Insulin

Hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake of glucose into cells.

Oxygenated

Blood (or tissue) that contains a high level of oxygen, typically after passing through the lungs.

Deoxygenated blood

Blood with lower oxygen content and higher carbon dioxide, returning to the lungs for gas exchange.

Oxygen (O2)

Gas essential for cellular respiration; carried by blood from the lungs to tissues.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Waste gas produced by metabolism; transported in blood to the lungs to be exhaled.

Lungs

Organs where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released; site of gas exchange.

Pulmonary circulation

The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back, enabling oxygenation of the blood.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart; most carry deoxygenated blood in systemic circulation (pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood).