Chapter 21: The seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives

Two types of spores; heterospory

Living spike mosses and quillworts produce _____, a reproductive feature referred to as _____.

-Two types of spores; heterospory

-Woody stems; arboreal

-One type of spore; monospory

-Large leaves; megaphylly

-nonglagellated sperm cells; motile reproduction

False

True or False: Ferns produce seeds but no spores.

Fern "bark."

A favorite growing medium for orchid growers comes from

-Quillworts leaves.

-Fern "bark."

-Dried club mosses.

-Dried horsetail stems.

-Fern fronds

1, 7, and 9

Classify each of the following according to the seedless vascular plant phyla it describes.

Psilotophyta

1. Whisk ferns

2. Ground pines, spike mosses and quillworts

3. Horsetails and scouring rushes

4. Possess ribbed stems containing silica deposits

5. Ferns

6. Their microphylls are whorled, scalelike, and lack chlorophyll

7. Sporophytes do not have true leaves or roots

8. Sporophytes possess large and highly divided megaphylls

9. Possess dichotomously forked stems and rhizomes

10. Their stems are covered with photosynthetic microphylls

Sporophyte

The common name for Lycopodium is "ground pine." The common name is based on the appearance of the _____ which resembles little conifer trees.

-Cones and seed

-Sporophylls

-Sporophyte

-Gametophyte

-Megaphylls

True

True or False: Fern fronds are often subdivided into pinnae.

2 and 10

Classify each of the following according to the seedless vascular plant phyla it describes.

Lycophyta

1. Whisk ferns

2. Ground pines, spike mosses and quillworts

3. Horsetails and scouring rushes

4. Possess ribbed stems containing silica deposits

5. Ferns

6. Their microphylls are whorled, scalelike, and lack chlorophyll

7. Sporophytes do not have true leaves or roots

8. Sporophytes possess large and highly divided megaphylls

9. Possess dichotomously forked stems and rhizomes

10. Their stems are covered with photosynthetic microphylls

Study the Lycopodium life cycle.

Study the Selaginella life cycle.

Male gametophyte

A spike moss microspore has the potential to develop into which of the following?

-Female gametophyte

-Male gametophyte

-Sporophyte

-Protonema

-None of these answers are correct

3, 4, and 6

Classify each of the following according to the seedless vascular plant phyla it describes.

Equisetophyta

1. Whisk ferns

2. Ground pines, spike mosses and quillworts

3. Horsetails and scouring rushes

4. Possess ribbed stems containing silica deposits

5. Ferns

6. Their microphylls are whorled, scalelike, and lack chlorophyll

7. Sporophytes do not have true leaves or roots

8. Sporophytes possess large and highly divided megaphylls

9. Possess dichotomously forked stems and rhizomes

10. Their stems are covered with photosynthetic microphylls

False

True or False: Equisetum belongs to a group of plants called "pig tails."

Paleobotanists

Botanists who study fossil plant materials in their research are known as

-Spelunkers

-Geobotanists

-Plant historians

-Phycologists

-Paleobotanists

Indusium

The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an

-Sporophyll

-Soral coat

-Jacket

-Indusium

-Sorus

Study the fern life cycle

5 and 8

Classify each of the following according to the seedless vascular plant phyla it describes.

Polypodiophyta

1. Whisk ferns

2. Ground pines, spike mosses and quillworts

3. Horsetails and scouring rushes

4. Possess ribbed stems containing silica deposits

5. Ferns

6. Their microphylls are whorled, scalelike, and lack chlorophyll

7. Sporophytes do not have true leaves or roots

8. Sporophytes possess large and highly divided megaphylls

9. Possess dichotomously forked stems and rhizomes

10. Their stems are covered with photosynthetic microphylls

Chain fern

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____'s petiole and rachis were used by Native Americans for weaving baskets.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

Club mosses

The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns) include several phyla of plants related to ferns. Which of the following belongs to this group?

-Club mosses

-Lichens

-Tree ferns

-Hornworts

-Liverworts

Leaves that bear sporangia

Sporophylls are

-Photosynthetic sporangia

-Spore mother cells of horsetails

-Special spores of quillworts

-Leaves that bear sporangia

-Insects that consume spores

Sword fern and lady fern

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____ rhizomes were eaten by Native Americans after being baked.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

Licorice fern and goldback fern

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____ were formerly used for medicinal purposes, namely the treatment of wore throats and toothaches, respectively.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

Gametes

Archegonia and antheridia are structures where _____ are produced.

-Sporocytes

-Peristomes

-Gametes

-Elaters

-Spores

Whisk ferns

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____ were once used by Hawaiians to create a laxative liquid.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

All of the above

People have used ferns for which of the following purposes?

-To reduce indoor air pollution

-Landscaping

-Drugs to promote urination (diuretics)

-Food

-All of the above

Mosquito ferns

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____ are added to rice paddies so that their associate Cyanobacteria will fix nitrogen.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

Quillwort

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____ corms were once eaten by humans, as well as domestic and wild animals and waterfowl.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

Club moss

Match each type of seedless vascular plant with its use.

_____ spores were formerly used in the manufacture of photographic flashlight powders and theatrical explosives.

-Whisk ferns

-Sword fern and lady fern

-Quillwort

-Club moss

-Mosquito ferns

-Chain fern

-Licorice fern and goldback fern

1, 2 and 4

Classify each feature as unique to bryophytes or vascular plants.

Vascular Plants

1. Internal tissue (xylem) for conducting water

2. True leaves

3. No significant internal tissue for conducting water

4. Roots that function in water absorption and anchorage

5. Absorb water through above ground parts

6. External water required for fertilization

True

True or False: Many seedless vascular plants have underground horizontal stems from which aerial shoots arise.

Ligule

The leaves of spike mosses and quillworts have an appendage called a

-Lobe

-Ligule

-Bract

-Stipule

-Gland

Surface water; swim to the egg cell

Bryophytes, ferns and fern allies all require _____ for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells _____.

-Pollinators; depend on animals for distribution

-Wind currents; depend on wind for gamete distribution

-Surface water; swim to the egg cell

-Dry conditions; must be dry before they fertilize egg cells

-None of the above

True

True or False: Ferns and fern allies are lager than the bryophytes because ferns and fern allies have water and food conduction systems

Whisk ferns

Enations are small, flattened green veinless protuberances found on the stems of

-Quillworts

-Horestails

-Club mosses

-True mosses

-Whisk ferns

3, 5 and 6

Classify each feature as unique to bryophytes or vascular plants.

Bryophytes

1. Internal tissue (xylem) for conducting water

2. True leaves

3. No significant internal tissue for conducting water

4. Roots that function in water absorption and anchorage

5. Absorb water through above ground parts

6. External water required for fertilization

Study the Structural features of horsetail (Equisetum) sporophytes.

-Microphylls

-Whorled branches

-Internode

-Root

-Rhizome

-Strobilus

-Sporangiophore

-Sporangium