CHINA - If I could only go into the history China exam with 198 facts it'd be these

society of righteous and harmonious fists

late 1890s

'100 Days Reform' when/who

1898, Guangxu

SYS' rev in 1895

failed

SYS made president of

New chinese republic, 25 Dec 1911

SYS elected by delegates from ___ rebel provinces in ___

16, Nanjing

boxer uprising

1900

revolution that overthrew Qing

1911

double 10th events

9 Oct 1911 - hankou rebels bomb

10 Oct 1911 - han soldiers in wuhan heard rumours of butchering han in next city, mutinied, killed machu officers

late nov - 15/18 prov in beijing = independent from Qing

in ____, Yuan needed a loan of _____

1913, $100m

_______, Yuan forced to sign _______

May 1915, J's 21 demands

______, Yuan considered making himself emperor, so provs _____

Dec 1915, declared independence

in ______, news of T of V says ____________ be kept by J

May 1919, G concessions in Shandong

oppose T of V protest date and where
gov accepted T of V in

4 May 1919, 10,000 Beijing uni, Tiananmen square

+ strikes in >100 cities

1923

Chines com party made in _______ in _______

1921, Shanghai

USSR gave ch. com party _______ a year

$5000

new cult movement founded ______, by _______ who was a _______

1915, Chen Duxiu, professor at beijing uni

'new youth mag' (growing interest in NCM)

1917

creation of GMD

1912

re-creation of GMD

1919

warlord rule

1916-1927

warlord example: violence (1 man)

Zhang Zongzhang, 'dogmeat general', shandong, 'splitting melons'

creation of united front

1924

northern expedition

1926 - 27

GMD's 3 principles made CCP ok with united front because...

based on equality + socialism

_______(comintern agent) helped ________ create ________ in _______, ______

Borodin, SYS, Whampoa, Guangzhou, 1924

SYS died ______, CKS took over

March 1925

NRA in _________, had ___________ men

_________, had ___________ men (2 yr gap)

1926 - 100,000

1928 - 250,000

Borodin + _________ advised:

Galen, to surround + cut off warlord supplies

CCP _________ _________ __________ distributed propaganda

Farmers' Training Institute

United Front defeats warlords in

Last action: ________ in Manchuria accept GMD control after assassination of _____ by japs

Dec 1928

Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Zuolin

after U. Front defeats warlorads in dec, 1928, GMD declares itself _______ and moves the capital from beijing to ______

legal gov of china, Nanjing

CCP = popular. By ______, had _______ members

1927, 58,000

LW GMD figure

Wang Jing Wei

RW GMD figure

CKS

in _______, LW GMD + CCP attacked _________. CKS - needed pos relations with _______

Jan 1927, Western interests in Hankou/Nanjing, West

date of CCP strikes/protests in shanghai after shanghai massacres

March 1927

__________, White terror killed ________, but _______ escaped

12 April 1927, >5000, zhou enlai

CKS purged GMD of LW, and ______ fled to ______

Wang Jing Wei, Europe

in ________, ______ were killed (shanghai massacres)

Hunan, >250,000

Mao attempted to take _______ in ______ in ________. it was called the ___________, and was crushed by NRA

Nanchang, Jiangxi prov, Sep 1927

Autumn harvest uprising

CCP membership decreased to _______ after autumn harvest uprising. CCP fled to __________, and set up '_________' in ________

10,000, mountains of Jiangxi prov

Chinese soviet republic, 1928

______ tactics kept CCP safe during the first ____ campaigns

guerrilla, 4

following _____ campaign, success for GMD, Braun advised Mao to fight _______

5th, pitched battles

in pitched battles against GMD during campaigns CCP lost:

8000 men, at battle of Guanchang April 1934

during extermination campaigns, by _______ Reds had lost ___________ men and _____ of their Jiangxi territory, and were surrounded by ___________

Oct 1934, >60,000 men, 1/2 Jiangxi territory

14,000 GMD blockhouses

1st campaign

Oct 1930, 44,000 NRA, FAIL, Reds = guerrilla tactics

2 + 3rd campaigns

4th campaign

April + July 1931, 100,000 NRA, FAIL, difficult to identify CCP from peasants

FAILED early 1933

5th campaign new tactics?

_______ killed

CKS - turned to mil advisor Gen von seeckt

Sep 1933, new tactics - build up blockhouses, scorch earth SUCCESS

>1m peasants

for 5th campaign, _______ GMD built ______ road

>500,000, 11,000km

beginning of long march com escape on _____ with ______ communists. who commanded? how long did it take to break through blockhouses?

16 Oct 1934, 80 - 100,000 coms broke out of Jiangxi under command of Braun + Zhou Enlai

6 weeks

long march - crossed ____ river to reach city of _____ in ______

crossed Wu river, Zunyi, jan 1935

battle at _____ river in ____, Reds lost _______

Xiang, Dec 1934, 45,000

CCP conference where mao took over from Braun because...

Jan 1935, Zunyi, Mao made member of Politburo

Braun - predictable straight lines, too much equipment = slow

long march - in _________, ____ soldiers swung across ________ river on chains

May 1935, 22, Dadu

long march ended - stats

Oct 1935 - com base at yanan

<10,000 survived

-368 days

-9000km

-24 rivers, 18 mountain ranges

in great depression, ____ J factories closed

1/2

J invaded manchuria in _____ and installed ______ as emperor of '__________' in ______

1931, Puyi, Manchukuo, 1932

J invaded Shanghai in _______ and _______ fled city

1932, 200,000

who kidnapped CKS for 2 weeks

why

Zhang Xeuliang

- forced CKS to lead 2nd U. Front with GMD vs J

_______ to ________, J took Ch provs _____, ______ & ________

1933 - 1936, Rehe, Hebei, Chahar

double 7th events leads to war vs J

7 July 1937

Ch vs J troops marco polo bridge

J demanded Ch troops withjdraw from beijing

CKS ended appeasement + declared war

Mao won over yanan peasants x2

rent controls, interest free loans

CCP banned x3 and introduced x1

foot binding, prostitution, selling women

women's associations

1935 CCP slogan

'Ch do not fight Ch'

by 1945, CCP had _______ members + _________ in army

1.2m, 800,000

100 regiments offensive

1940 - 400,000 troops destroyed 1000km railways + captured J

1941 - Japan retaliation campaign

3 all campaign

by 1945 CCP controlled

300,000 square miles

95m people

across 19 'liberation areas'

in _______, CKS attacked red army and killed/captured ______

1941, 10,000

Ichigo offensive

1944

a bombs dropped on J

6 + 9 aug 1945 , Hiroshima + Nagasaki

1938 - 1943, GMD at Chonqing suffered from ______

268 air raids

GMD taxes took ________

>1/2 peasants' income

GMD new currency introduced in _______ led to high inflation by 1945. By 1947, inflation was ________%

1938, 3000%

US entered war date + invested ________

Dec 1941, >$1b

________ to _________, US island-hopping = threat

1942-1945

_______ Ch died in WW2

15-20m

1937-1938, J took

Beijing, shanghai, nanjing, wuhan, guangzhou

rape of nanjing

dec 1937 - jan 1938

300,000 killed

20,000 raped

J army overstretched in ______

late 1938

by __________, _____ out of ______ J divisions = in china

Dec 1941, 34, 50

GMD - _____ CCP - _________ after J surrender

S + C, N + NE

US airlifted _______ GMD troops to Nanjing, Shanghai, Beijing

80,000

GMD vs CCP civil war

1946-1949

CKS + Mao met _____ at ________. CKS accompanied by US ambassador ________. any agreement?

Chonqing, Oct 1945, Hurley, no agreement

Truman sent ______ in ______

gen marshall, 1945

GMD + CCP ceasefire before civil war

Jan 1946

Mao ignored stalin's request to withdraw from Manchuria - he took ________ & __________. By ________ they were in civil war

Harbin, J weapons

July 1946

By 1949 PLA had _____ men

4m

how Mao won over peasants during civil war

took from landlords and gave to poor peasants

1m landlords murdered

Mao - ordered Lin Bao what in Nov 48

not to wait for reinforcements and attack Xuzhou quickly

without reinforcements, Mao made up an army of ______ men using NRA deserters to attack _____

1m, Xuzhou

successful attack on xuzhou

10 jan 1949 by lin bao, CKS surrendered

nō NRA troops at Xuzhou before reinforcements

800,000

CKS' commanders told him he could no longer hold town + should retreat in ______

he refused

after lin bao attacked in ______, _________ NRA were killed/taken prisoner

Dec 1948, Jan 1949, 500,000

New constitution _____, what was it in theory?

In practice dictatorship of Mao and Politburo of ___ men.

1954, China a democratic country where adults elect provincial congress and National People’s Congress as well as President and State Council

20

____ other parties in 1949, all repressed by _____

10, 1952

number of ex-GMD executed 1950-51

1m

PLA killed _____ “bandits” by _____

100,000

1953

PLA reunification campaigns date

Where?

______ GMD sympathisers killed in _______

1950-51

Tibet, Xinjiang and Guandong

65,000 in Guangzhou