central nervous system: exam 3 (the brain)

brain

- cerebrum

- cerebral cortex

- frontal lobe

- parietal lobe

- parieto- occipital sulcus

- occiptial lobe

- temporal lobe

- insula

cerebrum

- supeior portion

- largest portion in humans

- 2 hemispheres (left, right)

- longitundinal fissure separates hemispheres

- corpus callosum

Left hemisphere

- language, quantitative

right hemisphere

- spatial

corpus callosum

- connects hemispheres

cerebral cortex

- surface of cerebrum

- gray mater

- gyri

- sulci

gyri

- ridges designed to increase surface area

sulci

- grooves between gyri

lobes

- divisions of cerebrum

- frontal

- parietal

- occipital

- temporal

frontal lobe

- separated from posterior areas by central sulcus

- 3 regions

- 1. precentral gyrus

- 2. motor association area

- 3. prefrontal cortex

precentral gyrus

- primary motor cortex

- control of conscious movement

- distributions of body controls shown by homunculus

motor association area

- anterior to precentral gyrus

- understanding of movements

prefrontal cortex

- anterior portion of frontal lobe

- complex through processes

- emotions

parietal lobe

- posterior to central sulcus

- 3 regions

- 1. post central gyrus

- 2. sensory association

- 3. primary olfactory cortex

post central gyrus

- conscious perception of body sensation

sensory association

- understanding sensation

- integrates various sensations

primary olfactory cortex

- smell

parieto-occipital sulcus

- posterior to parietal lobe

- separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe

occipital lobe

- posterior portion of cerebral cortex

- 2 regions

- 1. primary visual cortex

- 2. visual association

primary visual cortex

- posterior

- conscious visual perception

visual association

- anterior portion of lobe

- understanding visual image

- integration with other areas

temporal lobe

- lateral cortex

- separated from remainder of cortex by lateral sulcus

- 2 regions

- 1. primary auditory cortex

- 2. auditory association

primary auditory cortex

- conscious perception of hearing

auditory association

- understanding of sounds, integration with other areas

insula

- small lobe deep in lateral sulcus

- memory

- primary gustatory center responsible for taste