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What is a homogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform, and different components can be seen.
What are properties of colloids?
Colloids have properties such as the Tyndall effect, stable dispersion, and the ability to scatter light.
What is an electrolyte?
An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into ions in solution, allowing it to conduct electricity.
What factors affect the rate of dissolving?
Factors include temperature, stirring, and surface area of the solute.
What is the difference between saturated, supersaturated, and unsaturated solutions?
Saturated solutions hold the maximum amount of solute, supersaturated solutions exceed that amount, and unsaturated solutions hold less.
What does the 'like dissolves like' rule mean?
The 'like dissolves like' rule means that polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
How does temperature affect the solubility of gas in liquid?
As temperature increases, the solubility of gas in a liquid generally decreases.
What is the taste of acids vs. bases?
Acids generally taste sour, while bases taste bitter.
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid vs. a base?
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions in solution, while an Arrhenius base produces OH- ions.
What is an example of a triprotic acid?
An example of a triprotic acid is phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
Identify Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases. What are their pairs?
A Bronsted-Lowry acid donates a proton, and a base accepts a proton; pairs are related as acid-base conjugates.
What is the Lewis definition of an acid vs. a base?
A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor, and a Lewis base is an electron pair donor.
What are conjugate acids and bases?
A conjugate acid is the species formed when a base accepts a proton, and a conjugate base is what remains after an acid donates a proton.
What is the Kw value used in calculations?
Kw is the ion product of water, equal to 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25 °C.
How do [H3O+] and [OH-] relate when acidic or basic?
In an acidic solution, [H3O+] > [OH-], and in a basic solution, [H3O+] < [OH-].
What does neutral mean in terms of pH?
Neutral refers to a pH of 7, where H3O+ and OH- concentrations are equal.
What type of reaction does acid-base titration use?
Acid-base titration uses neutralization reactions.
What is the difference between end point and equivalence point in titration?
The end point is where the indicator shows a color change, while the equivalence point is when the moles of acid equal the moles of base.
What is the standard definition?
In chemistry, a standard refers to a reference point or a concentration used for measurement.
