Forensics - DNA vocab quiz

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25 Terms

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Adenine
The Nitrogen Base in DNA that always pairs with Thymine
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Allele
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
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Centromere
The part of a chromosome that is pinched together forming the two arms
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Chromosome
contain long DNA strands coiled-up and wrapped around proteins
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CODIS

the FBI Laboratory's Combined DNA Index System, which allows federal, state, and local police agencies to compare DNA profiles electronically

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Cytosine
The Nitrogen Base in DNA that always pairs with Guanine
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Deoxyribose
The sugar found in DNA
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DNA
A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function
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Double Helix
The shape of DNA's structure
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Electrophoresis
The method of separating the DNA molecules within an electric field through a gel medium, based on their size
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Gene

DNA segments that have instructions for making a protein molecule that determines our inherited characteristics or traits such as blood type or enzyme production

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Genotype
refers to the entire set of genes in a cell, an organism, or an individual. It is what your chromosomes say about you
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Guanine
The Nitrogen Base in DNA that always pairs with Cytosine
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Heterozygous
To inherit two different alleles from each parent (such as Tt or AB)
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Homozygous

Inheriting the same allele from each parent (such as TT or yy)
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Karyotype

The chromosomes of a cell, usually displayed as a systematized arrangement of chromosome pairs in descending order of size, used to detect chromosomal abnormalities

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Locus
The specific location where a gene may be found
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p arm
The shorter arm of a chromosome
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PCR
A method used to rapidly make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA
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Phenotype
The physical expression of a trait
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q arm
The longer arm of a chromosome
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Restriction
Enzyme Molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific base sequences
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RFLP T
he older DNA test, which gives less detailed results that take longer to receive
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STR
Tandem repeats of short DNA sequences (2-5 pairs) with varying numbers of repeats between individuals
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Thymine
The Nitrogen Base in DNA that always pairs with Adenine