Monitoring and Controlling Chemical Reactions

Rate of Reaction

The speed at which reactants are converted into products over time, influenced by factors like temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts.

Catalysts

Substances that increase reaction rates by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy, crucial in industrial processes to enhance efficiency.

Collision Theory

States that reactions occur when reactant particles collide with sufficient energy to initiate a reaction, emphasizing the importance of collision energy and frequency.

Energy Changes

Refers to the heat involved in chemical reactions, with exothermic reactions releasing heat and endothermic reactions absorbing heat.

Reversible Reactions

All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible, where products can convert back to reactants through appropriate reactions.

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state in reversible reactions where forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate, maintaining constant concentrations of substances.

Le Chatelier's Principle

States that a system at equilibrium will adjust to counteract changes in conditions like temperature, pressure, and concentration.