Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1

Psychology: Bio or environment ?

Bio shapes environment, and vise versa

depends on how it is best described

but it is rooted in our brain

The mind body problem

Thoughts vs. brain activity

are we our bodies or something else?

Way back, they looked at the body not the brain.

5th 6th cent. Alcmaean “no guys, it’s our brain! Thats our intellegence” (lowk talked about he nervous system)

Rene Descartes

“I think therefore I am”

Dualism

The church was in charge, and we need something to go to heaven so, mind and body are separate

suggest the mind and body are intertwine

Dualism

mind body r separate from each other

We reject this bc we know the mind arises from brain activity

Four Bio explains behavior

Physiological

Ontogenetic

Evolutionary

Functional

Physiological behavior

hormones (sweating) explains behavior

Ontogenetic Behavior

genetic, but can develop, baby grasping reflex

Evolutionary behavior

through generation to help adapt

Functional behavioral

the function serves a purpose. like a kid crying knowing it’ll get them a toy

why study on animals

its easy

we are just interested in general

helps learn about humans better

the three Rs

The R’s

Reduce the number of animals

Replace the animal if you can with something

Refine the study so it causes miniumum harm

The 3 principles for human Ethics

came from Tuskegee study

1. respect for person

2. Beneficence

3. Justice

Brain orientation

Aspects of psychology

biology vs. world

genetics culture

evolution. social

hormones. cognitive influence

Biological psychology

Relation biology to psychology. study using physiological evolution and developmental mechanisms

Perception

“it’s all in your head” ex: phantom itch

Monoism

universe only has one type of being. you cannot divorce the mind and body

What comes first thoughts or brain activity

Niether causes the other, it’s just a diff way of describing the samething

minimalists

Try to do as little harm as possible (the three R’s)

Abolitionist

wants absolute no animals used during research

cell structure

Membrane

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondion

membrane

Aka Plasma [Blank] Seperates the inside of the cell from the outside enviornment

nucleus

contains the chromosomes

Ribosomes

synthesize (or combine) new protein molecules

endoplasmic reticulum

Network of tubes that transports newly combined protein to other places

mitochondrion

does metabolic activities, giving energy to the cell to do other activities.

The Structure of Neurons

Motor neuron

sensory neuron

Dendrites

Dendritic Spines

Cell body

Axon

Myelin Sheath

nodes of ravier

presynaptic terminal

affront axon

efferent axon

Interneuron or intrinsic neuron

motor neuron

receives excitation through it’s dendrites and make impulses along it’s axon to a muscle

Sensory neuron

is made at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation like touch

dendrites

branch like fibers lined w/ synaptic receptors that help recieve info from other neurons

Dendritic spines

Small outgrowths that increase surface area available for synapses

Axon

Conveys an impulse to other neurons, an organ or a muscle

Myelin Sheath

insulating vertebrate. Invertebrate axons do not have myelin sheaths

nods of ravier

interruptions in the myelin sheath

Presynaptic terminal

A.K.A end bulb of Bouton. the swelling at the end of each dendrite branch

Affront axon

brings info into a structure

Efferent axon

carries info away from a structure

Interneuron or intrinsic neuron

When a cells dendrites and axons are entirely contained within a single structure