(6)Large Scale Production of Proteins from Recombinant Microorganisms

Batch Fermentation

A closed system where all nutrients are added at the beginning, and no additional nutrients are added during fermentation. Conditions change over time affecting the cultural organisms.

Fed-Batch Fermentation

Nutrients are added incrementally without removal of culture volume. This avoids substrate inhibition and extends the log phase. Conditions are better controlled than Batch.

Continuous Fermentation

Nutrients are continuously added, and products/waste are removed at the same rate, maintaining a constant volume. Conditions are kept constant, allowing for steady-state growth.

Lag Phase

Adaptation period; depends on medium composition

Acceleration Phase

Phase of growth following the lag phase

Log Phase

Phase of growth characterized by a constant growth rate

Deceleration Phase

Phase of growth where the growth rate slows

Stationary Phase

Phase where the growth rate equals the death rate; nutrient depletion and waste accumulation are significant.

Death Phase

Phase marked by a decline in viable cell count due to toxic conditions.

Stirred Tank Reactor (STR)

Cylindrical tank with an impeller for mixing. Baffles are often included to improve mixing efficiency. Air is sparged into the bottom of the tank.

Bubble Column Reactor

Vertical column with gas sparged from the bottom. Mixing is achieved by rising bubbles. No mechanical agitation.

Similar to bubble columns but with a draft tube or baffle to promote circulation. Gas is sparged into one section (riser), and liquid circ