3. The Khilji Dynasty & Its Reforms (1290 AD – 1320 AD)

Khilji Dynasty Origin

They were Turks but did not belong to the Ilbari/Shamsi tribe.

Founder of Khilji Dynasty

Jalal-ud-din Khilji (1290 AD-1296 AD); real name Malik Firuz.

Alauddin Khilji (1296 AD-1316 AD)

Real name Ali Gurshasp; killed his uncle Jalaluddin at Kara (Ganges) after the 1296 Devagiri raid.

System abolished by Alauddin Khilji

Abolished iqta system in the Delhi Sultanate.

Brother of Alauddin Khilji

Nushrat Khan

Alauddin's Gujarat Expedition (1298 AD)

Appointed Ulugh and Nusrat Khan; captured Ahilwara and defeated Rai Karan (Vaghela King).

Alauddin's Ranthambore Expedition (1301 AD)

Defeated King Hammir Dev Chauhan (evidence of first Jauhar found). Nusrat Khan died.

Alauddin's Mewar Expedition (1303 AD)

Captured Chittor (King: Ratan Singh)

Leader of Alauddin's Deccan Expeditions

Malik Kafur (eunuch, bought for 1000 dinars in Gujarat, known as 'Hazar Dinari').

Ramachandra

Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri, 1308. Khilat and Chhatra given to Ramachandra

Prataparudra Deva

Kakatiya Dynasty of Warangal, 1310

Vira Ballala III

Hoysala Dynasty of Dwarasamudra, 1311

Vira Pandya

Pandya Dynasty of Madurai, 1311. Malik Kafur became Malik Naib after this victory

Title taken by Alauddin after Deccan expedition

Sikandar-i-Sani (Second Alexander).

Mosque built by Malik Kafur after Deccan campaign

Built a mosque (Alia al-Din Khaldji) in Rameshwaram.

Court Poet of Alauddin

Amir Khusrau (title Tuti-e-Hind)

Hhusrau’s inventions

Qawwali, Tabla and Sitar

Administrative Reforms by Alauddin

Dagh (branding of horse) and Chehra/Huliya (identification of soldiers); Naqdi (Cash Payment).

Special officer appointed to collect revenue measurement share

Mustakharaj.

New taxes introduced by Alauddin

Ghari (house tax) and Charai (grazing tax); Kharaj (land tax at 50% of produce).

Muslim and Non Muslim taxes by Alauddin

Zakat and Jaziya

Three markets set up by Alauddin

Mandi (Food Grains), Sarai-i-Adl (Clothes and Costly items), Horses/Slaves Market (controlled by Shahna officer).

Currency and measuring unit used

Dirham/Dam (currency), Alai gaz (measuring unit).

Spies started by Alauddin

Munhiyans and Barid.

Agricultural Reforms

Land measurement in Bigha and Biswa (1 Bigha = 20 Biswa); brought non iqta villages under Khalisa. (Like Doab)

Built by Alauddin Khilji

Alai Fort, Hauz Khas, Alai Darwaza (red sandstone), Palace of thousand Pillars (Hazar Sutun).

Cities established by Alauddin

Siri (second of the seven cities of Delhi).

End of Khilji Dynasty

Malik Kafur seized throne in 1316; Mubarak (Alauddin's son) killed Kafur; Mubarak killed by slave Khusrau Khan (1320); Ghazi Malik killed Khusrau Khan.