Anatomy of the eye

Name 3 structures of eyeball (globe)

Sclera

Uvea

Retina

What is the aqueous compartment (rostral) made up of

Anterior + posterior chambers. Filled with aqueous humour, a water like fluid that maintains eyeballs shape and provides nutrients. Produced in the ciliary process

What is the vitreous compartment (causal) made up of

Vitreous humour. Gelatinous fluid, contains phagocytes and hyalocytes. Attaches to lens capsule, ciliary body, and periphery of optic disk. Maintains retina against choroid and provides nutrients.

What nerve is the cornea innervated by

Ophthalmic, branch of trigeminal.

Name the five layers of the cornea

Epithelium

Bowman’s layer

Stroma

Descemets membrane

Endothelium

Describe the anatomy and function of sclera

Dense fibrous tissue and elastic fibres, avascular, attaches to extrinsic muscles. It protects the internal strictures of the eye and maintains globe shape.

Describe the uvea

Vascular pigmented layer. Firmly attached to sclera at exit of optic nerve. Consists of :

Choroid - vascular lining

Tapetum lucidum- light reflecting cells

Ciliary body - muscle control thickness and shape of lens, process secretes aqueous humour into posterior chamber

Suspensory ligament - cont of ciliary body, circular support around lens

Iris - rostral cont of ciliary body. Smooth muscle controls pupil

How does the iris control pupil size

Ocularmotor nerve, constriction = miosis, dilation = mydriasis.

What is the function of the pigmented layer of retina

Prevents light breaking gout of eyeball

What is the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina

Rods - black and white / night vision

Cones - colour vision.

What is the function of bipolar neurones in the retina

Gather information from the rods/cones and transmit to next layer

What is the function of ganglion cells in the retina

Travel across surface of retina toward optic disk to form optic nerve.