EXAM 3430

Episodic Memory

Memory for specific events or experiences, including time and place details.

Semantic Memory

Memory for facts, concepts, and general knowledge, without temporal details.

Cognitive Economy

A principle stating that properties are stored at the highest relevant level in Collins and Quillian’s Hierarchical Network Model.

Typicality Effect

The phenomenon where people are faster at processing typical category members than atypical ones.

Spreading Activation Model

A model predicting that activation spreads from one concept to related ones, proposed by Collins and Loftus.

Schema

A generalized framework for knowledge, such as the structure of a classroom.

Script

A predictable sequence of events, for example, the steps of dining at a restaurant.

Encoding Specificity Effect

The principle that memories are best retrieved in contexts that match the conditions under which they were encoded.

State-dependent Memory

The improved retrieval of memories when a person's state of mind at retrieval matches their state at encoding.

Interference

The process by which older information blocks the recall of new information (proactive), or new information blocks older info (retroactive).

Infantile Amnesia

The loss of memories from early childhood in adults, often attributed to neurological development and the development of self-awareness.

Recognition Memory

The ability to recognize previously encountered information, typically evaluated with tasks such as forced-choice or Yes/No tests.

Mood Congruence

The phenomenon where it is easier to retrieve information that matches one’s current mood.

Prenatal Learning

Research finding that fetuses respond to sounds during the third trimester, indicating early learning capabilities.

Cognitive Reserve

A concept suggesting that factors like education and bilingualism may help buffer against cognitive decline with aging.

Retrieval Cues

Stimuli that aid in the recall of memories, making them accessible.

Family Resemblance

A categorization strategy based on shared attributes among items in a category.

Priming Effects

The phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus, related to memory retrieval.

Developmental Memory

The study of how memory functions and changes from infancy through old age.