3.1 Organic Molecules

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Page 1 notes on organic molecules, biomolecules, and polymerization.

Organic chemistry

The chemistry of carbon and carbon-based compounds; accounts for the diversity of biomolecules in living organisms.

Inorganic chemistry

The study of nonliving matter; chemistry that does not primarily involve carbon-based systems.

Isomers

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.

Functional groups

Specific groups of atoms attached to carbon skeletons that determine a molecule's properties and reactivity.

Hydrophobic

A property of nonpolar substances that repel water.

Hydrophilic

A property of polar or charged substances that readily interact with water.

Carbohydrates

Biomolecules that provide energy and structural support; include sugars and starches.

Lipids

Biomolecules that store energy, form membranes, and are generally hydrophobic.

Proteins

Biomolecules made of amino acids that catalyze reactions, provide structure, and regulate processes.

Nucleic acids

Biomolecules (DNA and RNA) that store and transmit genetic information.

Monomer

A small molecule that can join with others to form a polymer.

Polymer

A large molecule built from repeating monomer units; formed by linking monomers.

Dehydration synthesis

A condensation reaction where monomers join with removal of water to form a polymer.

Hydrolysis

A reaction that breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, including polymerization and hydrolysis.