AP Lang: Grammar #1

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gerund

verb +ing that acts as a noun

appositive

a word or phrase that ads more information about a subject

infinitive

the word to plus a verb

predicate nominative

a noun or noun clause following a linking verb that has same meaning or value as the subject

direct object

a noun or noun clause following an action verb; it is the recipient of the action in the sentence

exclamatory sentence

ends with an exclamation point; expresses strong emotion

interrogative sentence

asks a question

imperative sentence

tells somebody to do something; is demanding or insistent in nature

declarative sentence

most sentences are declarative and intend to inform, state, or declare the speaker’s thoughts

compound-complex sentence

one with 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses

complex sentence

comprised of one dependent clause and one independent clause, not matter what order

compound sentence

two independent clauses joined by either a comma or coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or by a semicolon alone

simple sentence

one that consists of only one clause, with a subject and a predicate

independent clause

one that can stand alone and make grammatical sense

dependent clause

one that includes at least a subject and a verb, but that depends on the rest of the sentence to make sense; it usually begins with a subordinating conjunction

phrase

part of a sentence that is missing either a subject or a verb, but that includes a group of words that forms a grammatical component

predicate

the part of a sentence that includes the verb and, often, additional information about the subject

subject

the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is all about; who or what is preforming an action in the sentence