AP CSP IN DEPTH EXAM NOTES

Flashcards to help review lecture notes.

Debugging

Finding and fixing errors in code.

Collaborative Development

Working together as a team.

Logic Error

An error that causes code to behave wrongly or unexpectedly.

Lossy Compression

Compressing data in a way that you loose some of it and revert to original fully

Lossless compression

Compression data in a way that you can compress decrease file size but you don’t loose data and your able to completely revert to original

Runtime Error

An error that occurs during the execution of the program.

Logic Error

Unexpected result of code, like division instead of multiplication

Syntax Error

Error before the code even starts, like using capital letter for variable instead of lowercase

Argument

A value that is passed to a procedure.

Parameter

A placeholder in a procedure that is replaced by an argument.

Procedural Abstraction

A built-in procedure.

Iteration

The repetition of an action until a certain requirement is met.

String

Text that is enclosed in quotation marks.

Variable

A data type that can do math (usually an Integer).

Traversal

Iterating through each item in a list.

Linear Search

Goes and checks through everything beginning to end.

Binary Search

Splits in 1/2 and uses middle index to check through; divides and rounds down; repeats until target is found.

Libraries

Tools or code that you already have.

API (Application Programming Interface)

Allows you to call other programs to get stuff you don't have.

Heuristic

A good enough, fast approach when finding the real one takes too long.

Decidable Program

A program where you can get a yes or no answer.

Modularity

The separation of your code into different functions that each do a part.

Nested Condition

An If statement within another If statement.

Data Abstraction

The simplified version of a more complex function; hiding content.

Internet

A network of networks; interconnection of computer networks; hardware-driven.

Routers

Computing devices along a path that send info along to the next stop.

Routing

The process of finding a path from the sender to the receiver.

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be moved through a network at one time, measured in bits per second (bps).

Internet Protocol (IP)

Every device has an IP Address; handles the addressing and routing of data packets.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

This is reliable and makes sure all data packets come in the right order. If a packet is missing, it's re-sent.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

This is faster than TCP but is not as reliable. Sends data without checking, mainly used in Video calls and games where speed matters more than perfection.

Scalability

Systems ability to handle growth, adapting the server when more users arrive so it doesn't crash.

Fault Tolerance

Systems ability to still work even if a part fails; finds a way to keep going.

Hardware Failure

When physical devices stop working.

Operational Failure

Systems or software don't work as expected.

Environmental Issues

Hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods can destroy physical infrastructure because most cables go through the land and sea.

Solar Flare

A burst of radiation from the sun that can disrupt satellites.

Cyberattacks

Intentional attacks on systems or data.

Phishing

Tricking people into giving passwords.

Malware

Damages or spies on systems.

DDos

Overloads website with fake traffic to make it crash.

SQL Injection

Hacks into data by inserting fake commands.

Man in the Middle

Eavesdrops or alters communication between 2 parties.

Parallel Computing

Breaking up big tasks into smaller parts in which the computer has different processors and runs them all at the same time.

Distributed Computing

Where a problem is split up among multiple computers. Not just one; each computer does its own thing then sends it back.

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules.

Redundancy

Extra paths to help with the fault tolerance of a system.

Latency

The delay between sending data.

DNS (Domain Name System)

Turns URIs into IP addresses.

HTTP

The set of rules that powers the World Wide Web.

Cloud Computing

Storing data to the Internet cloud at a different location other than the same location as your other files; makes teamwork access easier.

Open Access

Free access to research or datasets available to the public.

Open Source Software

Software that everyone has access to so people can contribute all over.

Creative Commons

A speaking license that lets you do what you want with the work and how can be reused.

World Wide Web

Access linked pages all over the Internet.

Crowdsourcing

Using large online groups to help solve a problem.

Citizen Science

Where the public helps in research purposes for scientists.

Data Analytics

Analytics tools to see what people are doing online.

Personally Identifiable Info

Data that can identify you.

Cookies

Small files that track your activity on Websites; make experience smoother but can invade privacy.

Digital Footprint

Tracks you leave behind on the Internet.

Bias

Favoring a certain face or group.

Data Mining

Digging through huge datasets to find patterns.

Cybersecurity

Protecting systems from attacks.

Multi-factor Authentication

Using multiple proofs like a password and code.

Encryption

Scrambling data so it can't be accessed without a key.

Symmetric Encryption

Same key is used for both encrypt and decrypt.

Public Key Encryption

Two different keys; public key to encrypt and you key to decrypt.

Phishing

A scam to trick people into giving info.

Virus

A malware that can copy and infect files.

Keyloggers

Records when you type; can be used to figure out passwords.

Rogue Access Point

A wireless point that provides with unauthorized access to traffic over network

Mod

Division with remainder.

Binary

Start at 2 to the 0, and go up by 1 power each 0, start from right to left.

Hexadecimal

Numbers go from 0-9, then start going by letter starting from 10 which is A is in base 16

Binary Code

Can be error prone, can be used for any code, harder for humans to read

Base

Ex) if base is 10 and number is 71 (7×10)+(10×1)

Ex) if base is 16 and number is 71 (7×16)+(1×16)

Incognito

Still allows for a admin to monitor your data not completely invisible, but doesn’t save cookies or data, like shopping carts.