Peds (L2) - Motor Development Pt. 1

What's the range for full term human gestation?

38-42 weeks (40 on average)

When is the germinal stage during gestation?

0-2 weeks from conception

When is the Embryonic Stage during gestation?

3-8 weeks after conception

When is the Fetal stage during gestation?

9 weeks after conception --> birth

T/F: The fetus in utero is underdeveloped and unable to move enough to develop an understanding behind movement and neural feedback.

False. They're moovin' and groovin' EARLY.

When trying to determine the direction/sequence of development, what two terms are used in unison to describe the flow of motor development?

- Cephalocaudal

- Proximodistal

If babies are moving and groovin' and kicking in utero, why are they weak sauce post-delivery?

Gravity is a bitch, dawg

What are some of the primary goals for the first 12-18 months of life according to Campbell and Tecklin?

- Upright posture, mobility, and manipulation

- antigravity control

- COM within BOS

- inter and intra segmental movements

- Dissociation of movements!!!!

What are some key components of variability in motor development of infants?

- quality of movement

- timing of developmental skill acquisition

- Trial-and-error

- Repertoire of motor solutions

What would be the main red flag concerning variability?

If a child has a notable lack or limitation in their "bag of tricks" of motor skills, then it's likely indicative of a problem.

Which comes first in developmental direction: Reflexive of Cortical Control?

Reflexive

Which comes first in developmental direction: Generalized or Localized Control?

Generalized

Which comes first in developmental direction: Cephalic or Caudal Control?

Cephalic

Which comes first in developmental direction: Proximal or Distal Control?

Proximal

Which comes first in developmental direction: Medial or Lateral Control?

Medial

Which comes first in developmental direction: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical Control?

Symmetrical

When should a newborn be able to control their head and maintain a midline orientation?

3 months

When is a newborn able to visually track faces, people, toys, and interesting objects?

6 weeks - smooth visual pursuits

14 weeks - adult like visual pursuit

What are babies more interested in visually? Shiny Keys? Or Faces and People?

Faces and people

Why should infants be placed on their stomach early on?

- Helps them develop their extensor muscles against gravity faster

- stretches out their flexed muscles from da womb (using gravity)

What does head control in supported sitting look like for a newborn (fresh out)?

- Only able to hold head up for 1-2s

- really unsteady

What does head control in supported sitting look like for a 2 month old?

- head bobbing while trying to stay upright

- eye gaze about 30 degrees below the horizon

- unsteady with head turning

What does head control in supported sitting look like for a 3-4 month old?

- stable head control and head turn

- occasionally shows brief head bobbing and loss of control

What's the general pattern/posture you'd expect to see in an infant regrading their progression in prone?

newborn: curled into flexion

1m: decreased hip flexion

2-4m: head up --> prone on elbows

5m: prone on extended arms & pivot prone

What does the prone to plantar grade progression/order look like?

- prone scooting/belly crawling (3-8m)

- quadruped and quadruped rocking (8m)

- creeping (quadruped hands and knees) (10m)

- Plantargrade (bear crawl) (10m)

What's the gist/flow of the progression from laying on your back as a newborn to 5-7 months?

3m - midline control

5m - hands to knees and feet, feet to mouth, bridging

5-7m - Anti-gravity flexion and lifting of head

What is the typical progression of rolling?

1.) Sidelying to supine (gravity assisted)

2.) Supine to sidelying (against gravity)

3.) Prone to supine and emerging segmental control (dissociation)

4.) Supine to prone

What are the 3 main stages of sitting control?

1.) Prop sitting

2.) Sitting without use of arms for quick bursts

3.) Sitting indefinitely without falling

What would be a red flag for floor mobility?

if there's no functional mobility by 8-9m, further assessment is needed

What specific movements are derived from an infant gaining pelvic control and trunk dissociation?

- pivoting in prone

- segmental rolling

- playing with legs and feet in supine

- transitioning from sitting to prone