C10.1 Water

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Last updated 11:02 PM on 7/25/26
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8 Terms

1
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Name 2 tests that can be used to test for presence of water

  1. Cobalt (II) chloride

  2. Copper (II) sulfate

2
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State colors for cobalt (II) chloride and equation with water

  • Cobalt chloride paper used to test for water (changes pink in water)

    • Anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) is blue

    • Hydrated cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2•6H2O) is pink

<ul><li><p>Cobalt chloride paper used to test for water (changes pink in water)</p><ul><li><p>Anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) is blue</p></li><li><p>Hydrated cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2•6H2O) is pink</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
3
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State colors for copper (II) sulfate and equation with water

  • Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate ca be used to test for water (changes blue in water)

    • Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) is white

    • Hydrated copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4•5H2O) is blue

<ul><li><p>Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate ca be used to test for water (changes blue in water)</p><ul><li><p>Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) is white</p></li><li><p>Hydrated copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4•5H2O) is blue</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Explain purity of water

  • Pure substances boil and melt at specific temperatures

    • Water has a boiling point of 100 °C and a melting point of 0 °C

  • Mixtures have a range of boiling and melting points as they consist of different substances that melt or boil at different temperatures

  • Impurities tend to increase boiling point of water and decrease melting point of water

5
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What is distilled water and what is it used for?

  • Made by heating water to form vapour and then condensing it back to a liquid, which removes most dissolved impurities

  • Used in practical chemistry rather than tap water because it contains fewer chemical impurities

6
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Uses for water

  • Domestic: drinking, cooking, showering..

  • Agricultural: watering crops, animal hydration..

  • Industrial: solvent, coolant, heated to make steam used to generate electricity…

7
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State substances which can be found in natural water sources and their benefits/consequences

  • Dissolved oxygen

    • Beneficial: essential for aquatic life

  • Metal ions

    • Beneficial: some provide essential minerals necessary for life

  • Plastic

    • Harmful: aquatic life can be trapped or starve

  • Sewage

    • Harmful: contains microbes which cause disease

  • Harmful microbes

    • Harmful: disease

  • Nitrates and phosphates (fertilisers)

    • Harmful: deoxygenation of water can harm aquatic life

8
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Describe the stages of water treatment

  1. Sedimentation and filtration:

    • Water pumped into sedimentation tanks

    • Mud, sand and other particles fall to bottom of tank due to gravity, forming a layer of sediment

    • Water then filtered through sand and gravel to remove smaller particles

  2. Filtration through carbon:

    • Removes unpleasant tastes and odours

  3. Chlorination:

    • Kills microbes (pathogens)

<ol><li><p>Sedimentation and filtration:</p><ul><li><p>Water pumped into sedimentation tanks</p></li><li><p>Mud, sand and other particles fall to bottom of tank due to gravity, forming a layer of sediment</p></li><li><p>Water then filtered through sand and gravel to remove smaller particles</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Filtration through carbon:</p><ul><li><p>Removes unpleasant tastes and odours</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Chlorination:</p><ul><li><p>Kills microbes (pathogens)</p></li></ul></li></ol><p></p>