Circulation quiz

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How does thermoregulation use a negative feedback loop?  

by having the body's control center, the hypothalamus, detect when temperature deviates from the set point and then trigger opposing responses to correct it. If the body is too hot, the hypothalamus activates cooling mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation; if too cold, it triggers heat-generating actions like shivering and vasoconstriction.

Hypovolaemia is

What do the pericardium and the epicardium do? 

What is the difference between a male and female urethra?  

A males is longer.

What structure separates the left and right sides of the heart? 

Septum

Which of the following does blood transport? - please mark the answer in which all components can be found in blood. 

Oxygen, white blood cells, hormones, nutrients. 

Fluid and solutes move between the capillaries and interstitial fluid mainly by

The correct answer is: Hydrostatic pressure

How many chambers does the heart have?  

4

The urethra takes urine

The correct answer is: From the bladder to the outside

Diastolic blood pressure is

The correct answer is: The heart at rest following ejection

Fluid moves between the cells and interstitial spaces in the body mainly by

The correct answer is: Osmosis

A patient with a platelet count of 20 is likely to have

The correct answer is: Spontaneous bleeding

The ureters

The correct answer is: Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Each kidney contains approximately

The correct answer is: 1 million nephrons

Arteries

Lead to arterioles

What is the formula for blood pressure? 

stroke volume x heart rate x systemic vascular resistance

The blood vessel supplying the kidneys is the

The correct answer is: Renal Artery

A high blood pressure will cause a person to

The correct answer is: Produce more urine

Blood pressure is determined by

The correct answer is: heart rate, stroke volume and peripheral resistance

What is the name of the vessel which carries blood back to the heart? 

Vena Cava vein. 

Describe homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the state of steady internal conditions and constant internal environment maintained by living things even when there are external changes. It is maintenance of physio-chemical equilibrium of body.

Renal Failure is defined for an individual with 2 kidneys as

The correct answer is: Less than 0.5ml/kg/hour urine

How would you describe a negative feedback loop? 

A negative feedback loop is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kind of stimulus. Often, it causes the output of a system to be lessened; so, the feedback tends to stabilize the system.

The ureters take urine

The correct answer is: From the kidneys to the bladder

What of the following best describes what the kidneys do?

Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, regulates and filters minerals from blood, filters waste products from blood to be excreted. 

Cardiac Output is

The correct answer is: The amount of blood ejected from the heart each minute

ADH is released from

The correct answer is: The pituitary

 The functional unit of the kidney is the

The correct answer is: nephron

Which of the following best describes systemic vascular resistance? 

The contraction or dilation of vessels used to maintain a stable blood pressure. 

The female urethra is about

5 cm

If the body looses blood, the heart rate will compensate by

increasing

Parasympathetic systems influence the heart by

The correct answer is: the action of the vagus nerve

Where can you find cardiac cells? 

In the heart only. 

The loop of Henle, in the kidney, leads to the

The correct answer is: Distal convoluted tubule

The ureter leads

The correct answer is: From the kidneys to the bladder

What is the main function of Renin?

The correct answer is: Responds to low blood pressure

Blood pressure is highest in the

Arteries

Fluid leaves the glomerulus because of

The correct answer is: Hydrostatic pressure

The heart is divided into two separate pumps by a

The correct answer is: Septum

Fluid that is filtered from the glomerulus into the tubule enters the

The correct answer is: Bowman's capsule

The inner part of the kidney, where urine is collected before entering the ureter is the

The correct answer is: Renal Pelvis

How many ventricles does the heart have? 

2

Diastolic blood pressure is defined as...

The correct answer is: The heart between the beats when at rest following ejection of blood.

Which of the following best describes the myocardium? 

It is the muscle layer of the heart which holds the coronary vessels, pace maker cells, and provides the force of the contraction. 

How does homeostasis increase blood pressure? 

Baroceptors notice a low blood pressure and release a sympathetic response in a negative feedback loop.

Blood containing oxygen to be carried around the body leaves the heart from the​

The correct answer is: Left Ventricle

What is the glomerulus? 

The initial filtering unit of the kidneys. 

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

The correct answer is: The amount of filtrate formed in all the tubules in 1 minute

Where does blood go after it leaves the right ventricle? 

Through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. 

The blood vessel entering the glomerulus is the

The correct answer is: Afferent arteriole

How does homeostasis decrease blood pressure? 

The correct answer is:

Through a negative feedback loop where baroceptors note an increase in blood pressure, which triggers a parasympathetic drive. 

Blood vessels transportation leaving the heart occurs in the following order

The correct answer is: Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Which of the following describes the cardiovascular system during a sympathetic drive. 

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction. 

In a vaso-vagal episode,

The correct answer is: Heart rate decreases, blood pressure decreases

What does the parasympathetic drive do to the cardiovascular system?

Reduces heart rate, reduces blood pressure. 

Blood loss may lead to

The correct answer is: Hypovolaemic shock

Where does blood go after it leaves the left ventricle? 

Through the aorta to the rest of the body.

A patient comes into your ward from ED: Andrew Adams (77). He is a known T2DM, insulin controlled, heart failure, prostate cancer (advanced). He has not eaten in 3 days, and is becoming anxious and tearful. Name 6 of the assessments you will do for him. - 1 point for every 2 assessments you mention. 

Please select the correct order of cardiac electrical impulses. 

The correct answer is: SA node, AV bundle, left and right bundle branches, purkinje fibres

The function of the renal system is to...

Fluid regulation and Blood pressure regulation

b.

Conversion of vitamin D and stimulation of red blood cell production

Incorrect

c.

Acid base balance and elimination of nitrogenous waste

The higher pressure in the arteriole than the venule causes

The correct answer is: Fluid to move into the tissues from the capillaries

Stroke Volume is

The correct answer is: The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during each contraction

Describe how urine is produced from the glomerulus to the bladder. 

• Glomerulus: Blood is filtered; water and small molecules leave the blood and enter Bowman’s capsule.

• Tubules (PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT): The kidney pulls back what the body needs (water, salts, nutrients) and adds more wastes into the fluid.

• Collecting Duct: The remaining fluid becomes urine.

• Renal Pelvis → Ureters: Urine flows out of the kidney and travels down the ureters.

• Bladder: Urine is stored.

• Urethra: Urine leaves the body.