Evolution of Technology and History of Computers - Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering evolution of technology across eras and the history of computers.

The three major early ages in technology are __, __, and __.

Stone Age; Bronze Age; Iron Age

During 500–1500 CE, __ clocks were developed as part of classical and medieval technology.

mechanical

The Renaissance and Early Modern Technology period included telescope, microscope, barometer, and __.

compass

The printing press, invented by __ in 1440, revolutionized knowledge sharing.

Gutenberg

The Industrial Revolution was powered by the __ engine.

steam

Industrial Revolution spurred mass production and the rise of __ systems.

factory

The __ revolution in communication began during the Industrial Revolution.

telegraph

In the early 1900s, __ served as a mass communication tool along with cinema.

radio

Mid-1900s: World Wars accelerated tech including radar, nuclear energy, and __.

rocketry

The first general-purpose electronic computer was __ (1945).

ENIAC

The First Generation computers used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums; examples include and .

UNIVAC I; IBM 701

The __ generation computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

Second

The __ generation introduced integrated circuits (ICs).

Third

The Third Generation introduced __ for the user interface.

keyboards

The Third Generation computers also featured __ as a display device.

monitors

The Third Generation also introduced __ for software management.

operating systems

The __ Generation (1971–Present) saw microprocessors and the birth of personal computers.

Fourth

Intel’s __ (1971) put the CPU on a single chip.

4004

Personal computers were born in the __ (the era of Apple I/II and IBM PC).

1970s–1980s

The Fifth Generation and Beyond (1980s–Today) are based on __ and machine learning.

AI

Modern developments include __ computing and Cloud computing.

Quantum

In the 2010s–2020s, the rise of Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, and __ technologies like VR/AR.

virtual/augmented reality

In the 2010s–2020s, Blockchain and __ became prominent.

cryptocurrencies

Space tech in the 2020s–Present includes private spaceflight, Mars missions, and __.

satellite constellations

The earliest computing tool, developed around 3000 BC, is the __.

Abacus

Schickard designed the first mechanical calculator capable of and .

adding; subtracting

Blaise Pascal invented the __, a mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction.

Pascaline

Leibniz improved Pascal’s calculator to perform and .

multiply; divide

Charles Babbage is known as the __ of the computer.

Father

Konrad Zuse built the __, the world's first programmable digital computer.

Z3

Alan Turing laid the theoretical foundations for the concept of the __ Machine.

Turing

ENIAC stands for __.

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

The first generation computers included UNIVAC I and the __.

IBM 701

The __ generation introduced the CPU on a single chip.

Fourth