GEOG 1010: Exam 3 East Asia

What is the "One China" policy?

- China (People's Republic of China) sees Taiwan (Republic of China) as a rogue region

- Taiwanese vary but generally don't think they are part of the PRC

How can we characterize the region's climate and physical characteristics?

- North China climate similar to southern Canada

- South China like Caribbean

- Japan is temperate and 85% mountainous

Where are earthquakes more frequent and destructive?

more frequent in Japan

more destructive in China

What film brought significant attention to pollution in China?

Under the Dome

What is pollution exporting?

moving dirtiest factories over seas

Who is the world's largest carbon emitter? Who is the world's largest producer of renewable energy?

China is world's largest carbon emitter and largest producer of renewable energy

What are some of the anticipated effects of climate change on the region?

- China: melting glaciers, rising sea levels, biodiversity loss, increase in natural disasters

- Japan: greater heat stress, increasing costs with typhoons, increased likelihood of infectious and vector borne diseases, sea level rise

- S Korea: extreme weather events

- N Korea: food insecurity

What are some major demographic challenges facing the region today?

- S Korea has world's lowest birth rates

- E Asia is densely populated

What was the one-child policy, and how does it relate to the "4-2-1" problem?

one-child policy: fear of overcrowding, limited each family to one child each

4-2-1 problem: only children have to take care of 4 grandparents and 2 parents

What are "bare branches" and "leftover women"?

- bare branches: cultural preference for sons, sex-selective abortions

- leftover women: women unmarried at 27+

What is the 4B movement?

no heterosexual marriage or relationships, no dating, no childbirth

Why has the Chinese Communist Party been promoting a return to traditional gender norms?

to help increase birth rates

Approximately what percentage of the Chinese population lives in rural areas?

30%

What are some major characteristics of traditional Chinese cities?

- planned layout with grid, centrality

- most auspicious points near city center, walls, hierarchical urban system

What is the hukou system? What was it designed to prevent?

- determines access to public services

- can be rural or urban

- designed to prevent overcrowding

What impact has Chinese internet censorship had on domestic competitors of foreign sites like Google, Facebook, etc.?

thriving domestic competitiors

What is idiographic writing?

- characters represent ideas

Where did the East Asian writing system develop?

China

Who was Confucius? What were some key elements of his philosophy? What is filial piety?

- Chinese Philosopher

- obedience to authority, respect parents and elders, respect for tradition

- filial piety: respect parents and elders

When did Japan open up to trade outside the region (and why)?

- 1853

- US demands trade access

What resulted in Japan's "Lost Decade"?

- loose monetary policy and high speculation in the 1980s

- led the Bank of Japan to raise interest rates dramatically in the 1990s

What led to the Opium Wars?

- British sold opium

- Chinese tried to ban it

Why did the Kuomintang flee to Taiwan?

- Qing dynasty fell

- led to Chinese civil war

Who won the Chinese Civil War?

Chinese Communist Party

What were the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?

- Leap Forward: famine, modernizem industrialize, communist utopia

- Cultural Revolution: ditch old ways/erase history, people turned on family, led to skepticism

- economic disasters in 50s and 60s

When did China turn to export-oriented development?

after Mao's death in 1976

What is the Belt and Road Initiative, and what is its purpose?

- China starts investments in developing countries

- help with trade

What is so historic about Xi Jinping's third term as president?

- abolished the term limits for presidency

Why did North Korea invade South Korea in 1950? What was the outcome of the war?

- wanted to reunify the country

- ended in a stalemate

- North Korea ended up more developed

What impact have economic sanctions had on North Korea?

- could no longer afford sufficient fertilizer which resulted in famines