Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Structure

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental process of photosynthesis, its requirements and products, the chemical equation, and the detailed anatomy of the chloroplast.

Photosynthesis

A complex chemical process that converts radiant (light) energy into chemical potential energy (carbohydrates) by combining carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy.

Autotrophic organisms

Organisms that manufacture their own food and are therefore the producers in any ecosystem.

Radiant energy

Light energy that is converted into chemical potential energy during photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts

The organelles within plant cells where the process of photosynthesis occurs.

Xylem

The delivery system in plants that carries water absorbed by the roots to the leaves for photosynthesis.

Glucose

A high-energy, soluble carbohydrate produced during photosynthesis, which is often converted to insoluble starch for storage.

Stomatal pores

Openings in the plant through which oxygen, a product of photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere.

Summary reaction for photosynthesis

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{light, chlorophyll, enzymes}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$$

Light-dependent Phase

Also known as the Light Phase, this part of photosynthesis requires light energy and occurs on photosynthetic membranes.

Light-independent Phase

Also known as the Dark Phase, this part of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma and does not require light.

Double membrane

The outer structure of a chloroplast that is permeable to oxygen, $CO_2$, water, and glucose.

Thylakoid

Photosynthetic membranes within the chloroplast that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Granum

A stack of thylakoids; the stacking increases the surface area for light absorption.

Intergranum

A structure that connects one granum to another within the chloroplast.

Stroma

A semi-liquid that bathes the interior of chloroplasts, containing enzymes for the light-independent phase and ribosomes which make enzymes.

Starch grain

A structure within the chloroplast used for storing starch.