AP Psych 5.5 Treatment of Disorders

Deinstitiutionalization

The process of reducing the number of patients in psychiatric hospitals by transitioning them to community-based mental health services, aiming to provide more integrated and humane care.

Evidence-Based Interventions

Therapeutic approaches and treatments that are supported by scientific research and empirical evidence, ensuring their effectiveness and reliability in improving mental health outcomes.

Therapeutic Alliance

The collaborative and trusting relationship between a therapist and client, which is crucial for effective therapy and positive treatment outcomes.

Cultural Humility

Involves an ongoing process of self-reflection and learning about clients’ cultural backgrounds, recognizing and addressing power imbalances, and fostering respectful, culturally sensitive therapeutic relationships.

Nonmaleficence

The ethical principle of “do no harm”, ensuring that therapists avoid actions or interventions that could cause physical, emotional, or psychological harm to their clients.

Fidelity

The ethical principle of maintaining trust, honesty, and commitment in the therapeutic relationship, ensuring reliability and integrity in professional conduct.

Integrity

The ethical principle of being honest, transparent, and consistent in their professional actions, ensuring adherence to moral and ethical standards in all aspects of their practice.

Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Recognizing and honoring the inherent worth of all individuals, ensuring privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination, and treating clients with fairness and respect in clinical psychology.

Psychodynamic Therapies

Focus on uncovering conflicts and past experiences to understand current behavior and emotions, aiming to increase self-awareness and insight into psychological issues.

Free Asscoiation

The patient speaking freely about thoughts, feelings, and memories as they come to mind, helping to uncover unconscious conflicts and underlying issues.

Dream Interpretation

Analyzing the content of dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings, providing insights into unresolved conflicts and underlying psychological issues.

Person-Centered Therapy

Focuses on providing a supportive environment where clients can achieve self-discovery and personal growth, emphasizing empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness from the therapist.

Active Listening

Involves the therapist fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering, what the client says, demonstrating empathy and validating the client’s feelings and experiences.

Unconditioned Positive Regard

An attitude of complete acceptance and support that a therapist offers to a client, regardless of what the client says or does, fostering a safe and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment.

Group Therapy

Therapy conducted with multiple participants led by one or more therapists.

Individual Therapy

Therapy conducted 1-on-1 between a therapist and a single client.

Cognitive Therapies

Focus on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs to improve emotional regulation and develop healthier behaviors, aiming to address psychological issues through cognitive restructuring.

Maladaptive Thinking

Negative and irrational thought patterns that contribute to emotional distress and dysfunctional behaviors, which therapy aims to identify and change.

Cognitive Restructuring

Identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and beliefs, replacing them with more positive and realistic ones to improve emotional well-being and behavior.

Cognitive Triad

The negative thought patterns about oneself, the world, and the future that contribute to and sustain depression, which therapy aims to identify and change.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Therapy that uses principles of learning and conditioning to improve specific behaviors, such as social skills, communication, and academic performance, through systematic interventions and reinforcement strategies.

Exposure Therapy

Technique that involves gradually and repeatedly exposing individuals to feared objects or situations in a controlled environment to reduce anxiety and improve coping mechanisms.

Systematic Desensitization

Type of exposure therapy that involves gradually exposing individuals to anxiety-provoking stimuli while teaching them relaxation techniques to reduce fear and anxiety.

Aversion Therapy

Behavioral technique that pairs unwanted behaviors with unpleasant stimuli to reduce or eliminate those behaviors by creating a negative association.

Token Economics

Behavioral therapy systems where individuals earn tokens for displaying desired behaviors, which can later be exchanged for regards, reinforcing positive behavior.

Biofeedback

Technique that uses electronic monitoring to provide individuals with info about physiological processes, such as heart rate or muscle tension, to help them learn to control these functions and improve health and performance.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBT)

Treatments that combine cognitive and behavioral techniques to address dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors, aiming to improve emotional regulation and develop healthier coping strategies.

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

Types of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on teaching skills for emotional regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness to help individuals manage intense emotions and improve relationships.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs and thought patterns to reduce emotional distress and promote healthier behaviors.

Hypnosis

Therapeutic technique that has shown effectiveness in treating pain and anxiety, but research does not support its use for retrieving accurate memories or age regression.

Psychotropic Medication Therapy

Involves the use of medications to treat mental health disorders by affecting brain chem, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning.

Psychoactive Medications

Drugs that affect brain chem and are used to treat mental health disorders, alleviating symptoms and improving emotional and cognitive functioning.

Antidepresseants

Psychoactive medications used to treat depressive disorders by alerting brain chem, primarily increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine to improve mood and emotional state.

Lithium

Psychoactive medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing mood swings and reducing the frequency and severity if manic and depressive episodes.

Antianxiety Drugs

Psychoactive drugs used to alleviate anxiety symptoms by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, promoting relaxation and reducing excessive nervousness or worry.

Antipsychotic Medications

Psychoactive medications used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain, helping to reduce delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Tardive Dyskinesia

Potential side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, such as grimacing, tongue movements, and jerking of the limbs.

Psychosurgery

Medical procedure that involves surgically altering brain tissue to treat severe mental disorders, typically used as a last resort when other treatments have failed.

Lobotomy

Surgical procedure that involves severing connections in the brain’s prefrontal cortex, historically used to treat severe mental disorders but now largely abandoned due to its severe and often harmful side effects

Lesioning

Procedure that involves creating small, targeted damage to specific areas of the brain to treat neurological or psychological disorders, often used to alleviate symptoms when other treatments are ineffective.

TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)

Non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, commonly used to treat depression by improving mod and cognitive function.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Medical treatment that involves sending small electric currents through the brain to induce a brief seizure, often used to treat severe depression and other mental disorders when other treatments have been ineffective.