Marine Practicum

**By the wind sailor**

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Chondrophora

Portuguese Man o war

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Siphonophora

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Scyphozoa

Order Coronata

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Scyphozoa

Order: Coronata

Phylum: Ctenophora

Class: Nuda

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Sarcodina

Order: Foraminifera

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Sarcodina

Order: Foraminifera

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Sarcodina

Order: Foraminifera

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Sarcodina

Order: Radiolaria

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Sarcodina

Order: Radiolaria

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Sarcodina

Order: Radiolaria

Phylum: Helizoa

Class: Ciliata

Order: Tintinniata

Sea Elephant

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Pterotrachea (heteropod)

Sea Elephant

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Pterotrachea (heteropod)

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Pterotrachea (heteropod)

Sea Butterfly

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Opisthobranchia (pteropod)

Sea Angel

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Opisthobranchia (pteropod)

Sea Butterfly

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Opisthobranchia (pteropod)

Veligar Larva Stage

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropod

Veligar Larva Stage

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Genus: Tomopterus

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Genus: Vanadis

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda

Order: Copepoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda

Order: Copepoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda

Order: Copepoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda

Order: Copepoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Amphipoda

Genus: Cystisoma

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Amphipoda

Genus: Phronima

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Amphipoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Cladocera

Genus: Podon

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Cladocera

Genus: Evadne

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda

Order: Ostracoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda

Order: Ostracoda

Phylum: Chaetognata

Class: Sagittoidea

Order: Aphragmophora

Family: Sagittidae

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Holothuroidea (sea cucumber)

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Urochordata

Class: Thalacea

Order: Pyrosomida

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Urochordata

Class: Thalacea

Order: Salpida

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Urochordata

Class: Thalacea

Order: Salpida

Early Life History Stage

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Urochordata

Class: Thalacea

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Zoea (shrimp/crab larva)

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decopoda

“Zoea”

Phyllosoma (Spiny lobster larva)

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decopoda

“Phyllosoma”

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Urochordata

Class: Appendicularia (Larvacean)

What is it called when salps group together? What are the benefits biologically?

Aggregation; sinking reduced, less energy used to maintain depth, easier to find mates, wards off predators

Meroplankton

part time drifters

they spend part of life in water column and part someplace else

Recruitment/settlement

transition to one part of environment to another part of environment that involves a radical change in body plan.

* Allows organisms to exploit multiple habitats
* Minimizes competition

Garstang Hypothesis

the environment plats a vital tole in how organisms change

* helps us see where things originated evolutionally

Neotony

The retention of early life history stage into adult life

Why are the mucus house’s of Larvaceans important

They are an important source of energy for deep sea organisms

* they are made up of dead planktonic organisms, copepod fecal pellets, and larvacean houses
* these sink to the deep ocean

What is bioluminescence

It is an enzymatic reaction that allows the organism to produce its own light

What is a red tide?

A sudden and dramatic increase in algae, especially dinoflagellates. They become so abundant that the water changes color.

nektonic organisms

the ability to move without the ocean currents

neuston

The air sea interface, the top 10 cm of the ocean environment

Red Algae

Phylum/Division: Rhodophyta

Green Algae

Phylum/Division: Chlorophyta

Brown Algae

Phylum/Division: Phaeophyta

Pnuematocyst

Air filled sac that are associated with plants that help them stay afloat and upright in the water

stipe

stem-like structure that contains specialized connective tissue

blades

increase the surface area of the plant for sunlight to strike to conduct photosynthesis

holdfast

anchor the plant in place

Lobster, Shrimp, Natant decapod (90 degree tail)

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decopoda

Euphosid / krill (big eyes)

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Euphausiacea

Mysid (armored)

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Mysida

Fish

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Class: Actinopterygii

Squid

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda

Order: Teuthoidea

Centric and Pennate (rod shaped) Diatoms

Phylum: Chrysophyta

Division: Bacillariophyta

Dinoflagellates

Phylum: Pyrophyta

Division: Dinophycea