A&P chapter 6- bone tissues

What controls bone remodeling?

mechanical stress and hormones

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling?

glucagon

Which hormone is NOT matched with its correct function?

-growth hormone; lengthens long bones

-PTH; indirectly stimulates osteoclast activity

-calcitonin; increases blood calcium levels

-osteocalcin; helps regulate glucose metabolism

Which of the following statements is true?

After the age of 21, most people will not experience longitudinal growth of bones.

Which statement regarding osteons is FALSE?

-Collagen gives osteons the ability to resist twisting forces.

-Osteons consist of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal.

-Osteons are found in all bone tissues

-The inorganic matrix of an osteon gives it the ability to resist compression.

Osteons are found in all bone tissues

Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT?

-Bone lining cells are flat cells found on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not going on.

-Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts.

-Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions.

-Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins.

Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts.

Osteoblasts __________.

-maintain bone matrix

-secrete osteoid

-form skeletal cartilage

-break down bone

secrete osteoid

Which of the following is a site for a muscle or ligament attachment?

trochanter

Which of the following cells are NOT matched with their appropriate function?

-bone lining cells; maintain bone matrix

-osteoblasts; create new bone matrix

-osteoclasts; bone resorption

-osteocytes; produce new bone cells.

osteocytes; produce new bone cells.

they monitor and maintain matrix

Which statement regarding the classification of bones is FALSE?

-Long bones include all limb bones except the patella.

-The sternum is an example of a flat bone.

-Irregular bones include the vertebrae and hip bones.

-Sesamoid bones form within certain tendons.

Long bones include all limb bones except the patella.

Which description of skeletal cartilage is INCORRECT?

-Elastic cartilages are able to tolerate repeated bending.

-Fibrocartilages are able to withstand both pressure and stretch.

-Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.

-Articular cartilages cover the ends of most bones at moveable joints.

Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called __________.

interstitial growth

What is the primary component of the periosteum?

dense irregular connective tissue

The area where blood vessels are penetrating the center of the bone used to be occupied by which tissue?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following statements is true regarding the future actions of the vessels in the medullary cavity and the vessels in the epiphyses of the bone?

They will grow and encourage bone formation until the epiphyseal plate eventually ossifies.

Remodeling a kitchen to add additional cabinets to existing ones also means adding extra support. In a similar respect, bone remodeling alters bone structure without adversely affecting bone strength. What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support

calcium

Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength?

gravity

Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________.

hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone

The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is __________.

hematoma formation, soft callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling

Which of the following statements is true?

a.)Spongy bone is well adapted to accept stress in many directions, which makes it good for shock absorption.

b.)The red marrow in the medullary cavity produces our red blood cells.

c.)Bone would be more brittle with more collagen in the matrix.

d.)Osteoclasts are important in removing calcium from the blood stream.

Spongy bone is well adapted to accept stress in many directions, which male it good for shock absorption

The trabeculae in spongy bone align precisely lines of stress and help the bone resist stress

Which of the following contributes most directly to the hardness of bones?

hydroxyapatite

Osteoid-producing osteoblasts must rely on this organelle to produce primary structures leading to the formation of collagen and calcium-binding proteins.

Ribosomes

What is intramembranous ossification?

the formation of bone from within fibrous membranes

Which event has to proceed all others during endochondral ossification?

A cartilage model of the bone is formed.

Which of the following statements is true?

-Endochondral ossification leads to the formation of the clavicles and cranial bones.

-Most bones in the body are formed by intramembranous ossification.

-During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone

-Endochondral ossification occurs within fibrous connective tissue membranes.

During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone.