Naming Compounds

Section 4.3 | Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds?

nonmental bonding with nonmetals (and/or metalloids)

what types of elements are involved in ionic bonds?

metals with nonmetals

what are binary compounds

compounds composed of specifically two elements

how do you name a binary covalent compound? what are the prefixes?

how do binary ionic compounds form?

when metal atoms combines with nonmetal atoms (still only 2 elements).

what do you have to keep in mind about the charges when naming binary ionic compounds?

the compounds must be electrically neutral and sometimes need to be balanced/ simplified

what are polyatomic ions?

groups of two or more bonded atoms that have lost or gained electrons, and thus have an overall net charge

what do we consider the atoms in polyatomic ions as, because they’re attached to each other?

a group

CO₃^2-

Carbonate

CH₃COO^-

Acetate

SCN^-

Thiocyanate

ClO₄^-

Perchlorate

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

NO₂^-

Nitrite

NO₃^-

Nitrate

OH^-

Hydroxide

PO₄^3-

Phosphate

SO₃^2-

Sulfite

SO₄^2-

Sulfate

Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Acetate

CH₃COO^-

Thiocyanate

SCN^-

Perchlorate

ClO₄^-

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Nitrite

NO₂^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Sulfite

SO₃^2-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

do we need prefixes when naming main group ionic compounds?

no, because most metals and nonmetals have a single stable charge and there is only one way to combine these ions to make a neutral compounds

How do you name an ionic compound?

When naming ionic compounds, do you change the ending of the polyatomic anion’s name?

no

what metals have variable charges?

transition metals(22-29,39-46,71-80) and a few main element metals (49-51,81-83) (prof just wants me to know Pb but tbd)

how do you specify the charge of the transition metal?

with roman numerals

what are exceptions to the metals with variable charges rule?

Sc, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, and Zn²⁺. We don’t use roman numerals for them because they form only one stable ion

How do you figure out the variable charge?

You use the anion next to it

What are hydrates ?

ionic compounds that contain a specific number of water molecules trapped within their crystal structure

How do you name a hydrate?

ionic compound ⋅ n H₂​O

Examples:

oCoCl₂  = ​anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride

oCoCl₂​ ⋅ 6H₂O = cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate

What are acids?

A special class of hydrogen-containing covalent compounds that, when dissolved in water:

• release one or more H⁺ ion(s)

  • Form an anion with a 1^- charge for each H⁺ ion that was released.

What are ionizable hydrogen atoms?

The term for the H atoms that are released in water. Typically, written at the beginning of the formula

What are binary acids?

acids that have two elements; hydrogen and an element from group 6A(16) or 7A(17)

What are oxyacids?

Acids that contain hydrogen atoms bonded to polyatomic ions containing oxygen

What is a monoprotic acid?

an acid with one ionizable H

What is a polyprotic acid?

an acid with multiple ionizable H

How do you name binary acids?

What is an oxyanion?

Polyatomic ions contain oxygen

How do you name an oxyacid?