bio fish/amphibian

What chordate structure disappears completely in most terrestrial vertebrates?

gills and tails

The buoyancy of most fish is controlled by the swim bladder. What organ do sharks depend on for buoyancy control in the absence of a swim bladder?

oils from their liver and constant motion

What is the key sense used by fish to find prey and spawning beds?

electro and magnetic

Which sense organs detects vibrations and changes in water pressure?

lateral line

Which of the sense organs detects muscle movement?

lateral line or electrical senses

Give the characteristics and an example of an Agnathan.

jawless fish that contain a notochord throughout their life. Ex: lampreys

Give the characteristics and an example of a Chondrichthyes.

bodies are almost entirely of flexible cartilage. Ex: sharks

Give the characteristics and an example of an Osteichthyes.

bony fish that have fresh water origins. Ex: lungfish

Besides the gills, which of the organ is used to regulate salt in the fish?

kidneys

What is the term for the structure that covers the gills from the outside?

opercula

What are the changes that ancient fish had to undergo to become modern fish?

backbone, jaw, bony skeleton

What is the leg formation shared by most amphibians?

tetrapod

What type of organism are the amphibians believed to be evolved from?

lobe-finned fish

What structures do amphibians use to obtain oxygen?

lungs, gills, air-sacs, diffusion across skin

What term means " without legs"?

apoda

What term means " without a tail"?

anura

What term means " with a tail"?

urodela

What type of circulatory system is present in the vertebrates?

closed

What organ in the frog is an intersection of the reproductive system and the digestive system?

cloaca

How many chambers does the frogs heart have?

3

Bile is concentrated in the .

liver

The pericardium surrounds the __.

heart

The ventricle has thicker walls than the atria.

true

The ___ is an example of a limbless animal.

caecilian

The toad has a _ body.

round

In amphibians bright colors usually mean danger.

true

In the amphibians, the _ are responsible for removing cellular waste.

kidneys

The notochord is located _ the nerve cord.

below

_, rays, and skates are all cartilaginous fish.

Sharks

The best place to find sharks is in _ water.

moving

What are the four characteristics that all chordates share.

a dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits/pouches, and a post anal tail

As the human, develops what happens to each of their chordate characteristics?

nerve chord becomes the spinal cord and brain, notochord is replaced by backbone, and gill slits turn into lungs

Describe the difference between the endotherm and the ectotherm.

Endotherm - animals who control their temperature with internal processes. Ectotherm - animals who lose their body heat almost as fast as they produce it

List the three types of fishes, give their distinguishing characteristics, and an example of each.

Agnathans - jawless fish; retain a notochord throughout their life (lampreys). Chondricthyes - bodies are almost entirely of flexible cartilage (shark). Osteichthyes - bony fish; fresh water origins (lobe-finned fish)

List the three orders of amphibians, give their distinguishing characteristics, and an example of each.

Urodela - have a long tail that is retained for life and 2 pairs of legs (salamaders). Anura - have tails as larvae but not as adults (frogs and toads). Apoda - have no legs and a worm-like body (caecilian)

List the seven sections of the frogs digestive tract in order.

mouth, esophagus/pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cloaca, anus