HGE CELE TERMS

A. Porosity

Ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil.

A. Porosity

B. Degree of Saturation

C. Void Ratio

D. None of the above

A. Void Ratio

Ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil solids.

A. Void Ratio

B. Porosity

C. Degree of Saturation

D. None of the above

A. 0 < n < 100

Which is true for porosity?

A. 0 < n < 100

B. 0 ≤ n ≤ 100

C. 0 ≤ n

D. 0 < n

D. 0 < e

Which is true for void ratio?

A. 0 < e < 100

B. 0 ≤ e ≤ 100

C. 0 ≤ e

D. 0 < e

B. 0 ≤ S ≤ 100

Which is true for degree of saturation?

A. 0 < S < 100

B. 0 ≤ S ≤ 100

C. 0 ≤ S

D. 0 < S

D. All the above

When the seepage pressure becomes equal to the pressure due to submerged weight of a soil, the effective pressure is reduced to zero and the soil particles have a tendency to move up in the direction of flow. This phenomenon is generally known

A. Quick condition

B. Boiling condition

C. Quick sand

D. All the above

B. The unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's crust

What is soil in civil engineering?

A. The material in a relatively thin surface zone within roots occur

B. The unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's crust

C. The substance existing on the earths surface, which grows and develops plants

D. None of the above

C. velocity head

Minor losses through valves, fittings,

bends, contractions etc. are commonly

modeled as proportional to:

A. total head

B. static head

C. velocity head

D. pressure drop

A. b

The best hydraulic cross section for a

trapezoidal channel of base width b is

one for which the length of the side

edge of the flow section is:

A. b

B. b/2

C. 2b

D. √𝟑𝐛

D. turbulent

When the path lines of the individual

particles of a flowing liquid are

irregular curves and continually cross

each other and form a complicated

network, the flow is called:

A. uniform

B. laminar

C. continuous

D. turbulent

C. steady flow

Type of flow where the flow rate does

not change over time.

A. continuous flow

B. laminar flow

C. steady flow

D. uniform flow

D. uniform flow

Type of flow where the mean velocity of

flow for a given length or reach is the

same at every cross section.

A. continuous flow

B. laminar flow

C. steady flow

D. uniform flow

B. laminar flow

Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a

solid boundary in which the direction of

flow at every point remains constant:

A. continuous flow

B. laminar flow

C. steady flow

D. uniform flow

A. continuous flow

Type of flow where at any time, the

discharge or flow rate at every section

of the stream is the same.

A. continuous flow

B. steady flow

C. critical flow

D. uniform flow

C. critical flow

Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate

of flow, the specific energy is minimum.

A. continuous flow

B. steady flow

C. critical flow

D. subcritical

D. incompressible flow

Type of flow in which the density of the

fluid is constant from one point to

another.

A. continuous flow

B. steady flow

C. compressible flow

D. incompressible flow

A. rotational flow

Type of flow in which the fluid

particles rotate about their own axis

while flowing along the streamlines.

A. rotational flow

B. steady flow

C. irrotational flow

D. incompressible flow

C. Decreases

If the ground water table in a soil formation rises as resulting of flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil:

A. Increases

B. Unaffected

C. Decreases

D. Depends on the footing load

C. Load imposed onto the soil

One of the following foundation conditions does not affect the bearing capacity of the supporting soil.

A. Unit weight of the soil

B. Depth of the founding of footings

C. Load imposed onto the soil

D. Position of ground water table

D. Liquefaction

A process by which water-saturated soil sediment temporarily loss strength and acts as a fluid.

A. Consolidation C. Settlement

B. Plasticity D. Liquefaction

B. Primary Consolidation

Volume change in saturated soils caused by the expulsion of pore water from loading?

A. Initial Consolidation

B. Primary Consolidation

C. Secondary Consolidation

D. None of the above

D. All of the above

Negative skin friction on piles..

A. Is caused due to relative settlement of the soil

B. Is caused in soft clays

C. Decreases the pile capacity

D. All of the above

D. All of these

A decrease in water content results in a reduction of the volume of soil in:

A. Liquid state

B. Plastic state

C. Semi-solid state

D. All of these

A. Shrinkage limit

The water content in a soil sample when it continues to loose weight without loosing the volume, is called

A. Shrinkage limit

B. Plastic limit

C. Liquid limit

D. Semi-solid limit

C. Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index

The admixture of coarser particles like sand or silt to clay causes

A. Decrease in liquid limit and increase in plasticity index

B. Decrease in liquid limit and no change in plasticity index

C. Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index

D. Increase in both liquid limit and plasticity index

secondary consolidation

Volume change in saturated soils caused by the deformation of grains water from loading?

D. 45º

In a triangular channel section, the

most economical section is achieved when

each of its sloping sides make an angle

of ___ with vertical.

A. 90º C. 60º

B. 30º D. 45º

A. above center of gravity

Where is the metacenter for stable

equilibrium?

A. above center of gravity

B. at the center of gravity

C. below the center of gravity

D. one half of the total draft

A. unstable equilibrium

When the metacenter of a floating body

is lower than the center of gravity,

then the body will be in?

A. unstable equilibrium

B. stable equilibrium

C. neutral equilibrium

D. none of the above

B. center of gravity of the floating

body and the metacenter

The metacentric height is the distance

between the

A. center of gravity of the floating

body and the center of buoyancy

B. center of gravity of the floating

body and the metacenter

C. metacenter and the center of

buoyancy

D. original center of buoyancy and

the new center of buoyancy

A. specific weight

The weight per unit volume of a liquid

at a standard temperature and pressure

is called:

A. specific weight

B. specific gravity

C. mass density

D. none of the above

D. water hammer

A pressure surge or wave caused when a

fluid in motion is forced to stop or

change direction suddenly (momentum

change) is referred to in hydraulics as:

A. hydraulic jump

B. potential head

C. hydrodynamics

D. water hammer

B. hydraulic jump

A type of shock where the flow undergoes

a sudden transition from swift flow to

tranquil flow.

A. water hammer

B. hydraulic jump

C. non-uniform flow

D. celerity

A. viscosity

A fluid property that measures the

fluid's resistance to shear stress.

A. viscosity

B. density

C. bulk modulus of elasticity

D. surface tension

A. 1/2

The vena contracta of a circular orifice

is approximately ___ diameter

downstream from the inner face of the

orifice plate.

A. 1/2

B. 1/3

C. 1/4

D. 2/3

D. neutral equilibrium

When the ship's metacenter and center

of gravity coincide at same point then

the vessel is said to be in:

A. equilibrium

B. stable equilibrium

C. unstable equilibrium

D. neutral equilibrium

A. 1/2

The vena contracta of a circular orifice

is approximately ___ diameter

downstream from the inner face of the

orifice plate.

A. 1/2

B. 1/3

C. 1/4

D. 2/3

A. Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress

Rise of water table above the ground surface causes:

A. Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress

B. Equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress

C. Increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress

D. Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress

D. Decreases with decrease in normal stress

The shear strength of a soil:

A. Is directly proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil

B. Is inversely proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil

C. Decreases with increase in normal stress

D. Decreases with decrease in normal stress

C. Decreases both voids ratio and permeability

Effective stress on soil:

A. Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability

B. Increases both voids ratio and permeability

C. Decreases both voids ratio and permeability

D. Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability

B. Strain to stress

The coefficient of compressibility of soil, is the ratio of:

A. Stress to strain

B. Strain to stress

C. Stress to settlement

D. Rate of loading to that of settlement

C. 100 to 200

12. A cohesive soil deposit is considered stiff if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between

A. 0 to 25

B. 50 to 100

C. 100 to 200

D. 25 to 50

D. 25 to 50

A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between

A. 0 to 25

B. 50 to 100

C. 100 to 200

D. 25 to 50

A. 0 to 25

A cohesive soil deposit is considered very soft if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between

A. 0 to 25

B. 50 to 100

C. 100 to 200

D. 25 to 50

D. Activity

An index used to identify the swelling potential of clay soils is called

A. Plasticity Index

B. Liquidity Index

C. Consistency Index

D. Activity

B. Permeability

The property of a soil which permits water to percolate through it

A. Moisture content

B. Permeability

C. Capillarity

D. None of these

A. Constant head method

Which of the following methods is best suited for determination of permeability of coarse-grained soils?

A. Constant head method

B. Falling head method

C. Both the above

D. None of the above

D. None of the above

Terzaghi's bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq and Nγ are functions of

A. Cohesion only

B. Angle of internal friction only

C. Both cohesion and angle of internal friction

D. None of the above

B. Greater than active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure

Coefficient of earth pressure at rest is

A. Less than active earth pressure but greater than passive earth pressure

B. Greater than active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure

C. Greater than both the active earth pressure and passive earth pressure

D. Less than both the active and passive earth pressures

A. Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification

The average coefficient of permeability of natural deposits

A. Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification

B. Parallel to stratification is always less than that perpendicular to stratification

C. Is always same in both directions

D. Parallel to stratification may or may not be greater than that perpendicular to stratification

D. Both A and B

The quantity of seepage of water through soils is proportional to

A. Coefficient of permeability of soil

B. Total head loss through the soil

C. Neither A nor B

D. Both A and B

D. Both A and C

The critical exist gradient of seepage water in soils, increases with

A. An increase in specific gravity

B. A decrease in specific gravity

C. A decrease in void ratio

D. Both A and C

K. Terzaghi

Who is the father of modern soil mechanics?

C. decreasing

If the ground water table in the soil formation rises as a resulting of flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil

A. increases C. decreasing

B. unaffected D. depends on the footing load

C. Load imposed onto the soil

One of the following foundation conditions does not affect the bearing capacity of the supporting soil

A. Unit weight of the soil

B. depth of founding of footings

C. Load imposed onto the soil

D. Position of ground water table

C. 0.074

What is the largest grain that passes a no. 200 sieve in millimeter?

A. 0.020 C. 0.074

B. 0.064 D. 0.0054

B. 1 to 2

Section 302.2.2 of the National Structural Code of the Philippines provides that the slope of cut surfaces of the ground shall be no steeper than is safe for the intended use and shall be no steeper that:

A. 1 to 3 C. 1 to 1

B. 1 to 2 D. 1 to 1.5

D. 40

The fraction of soils passing which sieve number is used for Atterberg Limits tests of soils:

A. 60 C. 50

B. 30 D. 40

C. Both compressibility and permeability

Coefficient of consolidation of a soil is affected by

A. Compressibility

B. Permeability

C. Both compressibility and permeability

D. None

B. 500 kg/m² and zero

The total and effective stresses at

a depth of 0.5 m below the top level of

water in a swimming pool is respectively:

A. Zero and zero

B. 500 kg/m² and zero

C. 500 kg/m² and 500 kg/m²

D. 1000 kg/m² and 500 kg/m²

B. 1

If the sand in-situ is in its densest

state, then the relative density of sand

is

A. Zero

B. 1

C. Between 0 and 1

D. Greater than 1

D. Oven-drying method

Accurate determination of water content, is made by

A. Buckling concrete method

B. Sand bath method

C. Andei Dk bath method

D. Oven-drying method

C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A. Specific energy is the total energy above the floor of an open channel

B. For a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths

C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy

D. Critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1

A. using pipe of greater diameter

All other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water hammer pressure can be reduced by

A. using pipe of greater diameter

B. using pipe of greater wall thickness

C. using a more elastic pipe

D. increasing the velocity of the pressure wave

D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

If a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will

A. rise and fall alternately on the front side of the tank

B. fall on the rear side of the tank

C. remain the same on both side of the tank

D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area

As the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure

A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area

B. moves apart from the center of gravity of the area

C. ultimately coincides with the center of gravity of the area

D. remains unaffected

A. force of gravity

In open channel water flows under

A. force of gravity

B. atmospheric pressure

C. hydrostatic pressure

D. mechanical pressure

D. Pascal

The pressure exerted onto a liquid is

transmitted undiminished to all portions of the liquid. This principle in fluid mechanics is attributed to:

A. Archimedes

B. Boyle

C. Torricelli

D. Pascal

B. Bernoulli

In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:

A. Torricelli

B. Bernoulli

C. Pascal

D. Boyle

A. Boyle

The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This

principle is attributed to:

A. Boyle

B. Pascal

C. Archimedes

D. Bernoulli

A. Archimedes

Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid

displaced by the body. This principle is attributed to:

A. Archimedes

B. Pascal

C. Torricelli

D. Bernoulli

C. Torricelli

A theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the

opening.

A. Archimedes

B. Pascal

C. Torricelli

D. Bernoulli

A. conservation of mass

The continuity equation is based on the

principle of:

A. conservation of mass

B. conservation of momentum

C. conservation of energy

D. conservation of force

A. water hammer

When a valve is suddenly closed on a liquid flowing through a long pipe, the pressure wave of high intensity thus

generated is known as:

A. water hammer

B. pressure wave

C. flow hammer

D. jet hammer

C. viscosity

Which property of the fluid accounts for

the major losses in pipes?

A. density

B. specific gravity

C. viscosity

D. compressiblity

C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane

An open vessel of water is accelerated up an inclined plane. The free water surface will

A. be horizontal

B. make an angle in direction of inclination of inclined plane

C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane

D. any one of above is possible

B. 1:4

The horizontal to vertical side slope

in case of Cipolletti weir?

A. 1:1

B. 1:4

C. 1:2

D. 4:1

B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to

A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface

B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

C. product of pressure at its centroid and the area

D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area

D. All of these

For the most economical trapezoidal

open channel,

A. half of the top width must be equal to one of the sloping sides

B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow

C. the semicircle drawn with top width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel

D. All of these

A. absolute pressure - atmospheric

pressure

Gauge pressure is

A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure

B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure

C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure

D. none of these

D. all the above

In flow, the liquid particles may possess

A. potential energy

B. kinetic energy

C. pressure energy

D. all the above

C. half the width

For most economical rectangular section

of a channel, the depth is kept

A. one-fourth of the width

B. three times the hydraulic radius

C. half the width

D. none of these

C. (2/3)dc

Minimum specific energy of an open rectangular channel with critical depth dc.

A. (1/2)dc C. (2/3)dc

B. (1/3)dc D. (3/2)dc

B. II,III, and IV only

Which of the following statements are correct:

I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL

II. EGL slopes downward in the direction flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump

III. EGL is always above the HGL

IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal

A. I,II, and III only

B. II,III, and IV only

C. III and IV only

D. All of the above

D. cannot remain at rest under action

of any shear force

Fluid is a substance that

A. cannot be subjected to shear forces

B. always expands until it fills any container

C. has the same shear stress at a point regardless of its motion

D. cannot remain at rest under action

of any shear force

B. 4°C

Density of water is maximum at

A. 0°C

B. 4°C

C. 100°C

20°C

B. cohesion

Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are attracted is called

A. adhesion

B. cohesion

C. viscosity

D. surface tension

A. adhesion

Property of a fluid by which molecules of different kinds of fluids are attracted to each other is called

A. adhesion

B. cohesion

C. viscosity

D. surface tension

D. it is at rest

The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all directions at a point only if

A. it is incompressible

B. it has zero viscosity

C. it is frictionless

D. it is at rest

D. all of the above

Specific weight of sea water is more that of pure water because it contains

A. dissolved air

B. dissolved salt

C. suspended matter

D. all of the above

A. surface tension

Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to force of

A. surface tension

B. viscosity

C. friction

cohesion

B. more

A liquid would wet the solid, if adhesion forces as compared to cohesion forces are

A. less

B. more

C. equal

D. less at low temperature and more at high temperature

B. atmospheric pressure

Barometer is used to measure

A. pressure in pipes, channels etc

B. atmospheric pressure

C. very low pressure

D. difference of pressure between two points

A. pressure in pipes, channels etc

Manometer is used to measure

A. pressure in pipes, channels etc

B. atmospheric pressure

C. very low pressure

D. velocity in pipes

C. lower than the surface of liquid

If cohesion between molecules of a fluid is greater than adhesion between fluid and glass, then the free level of fluid in a dipped glass tube will be

A. higher than the surface of liquid

B. the same as the surface of liquid

C. lower than the surface of liquid

D. unpredictable

C. Compressibility

When a fluid is subjected to resistance, it undergoes a volumetric change due to

A. Cohesion

B. Strain

C. Compressibility

D. Adhesion

C. Pascal's law

Liquids transmit pressure equally in all the directions. This is according to

A. Boyle's law

B. Archimedes principle

C. Pascal's law

D. Newton's formula

D. decrease

The rise or depression of liquid in a tube due to surface tension with an increase in size of tube will

A. increase

B. remain unaffected

C. may increase or decrease depending on the characteristics of liquid

D. decrease

D. both (b) and (c)

Mercury is often used in barometer because

A. it is the best liquid

B. the height of barometer will be less

C. its vapor pressure is so low that it may be neglected

D. both (b) and (c)

B. center of pressure

The point in the immersed body through which the resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to act is known as

A. metacenter

B. center of pressure

C. center of buoyancy

D. center of gravity