organelles

structure of a nucleus

double membrane, contains linear DNA

function of a nucleus

coordinates cell activities (growth, protein synthesis, division)

key feature of a nucleus

nucleolus produces ribosomes

structure of a ribosome

no membrane, made of rRNA & protein

location of a ribosome

free-floating or attached to RER

function of a ribosome

site of protein synthesis

structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer)

flattened sacs, coated with ribosomes, near nucleus

function of RER

protein production & modification

structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

tubular, no ribosomes

function of SER

synthesises lipids (e.g. phospholipids for membranes)

structure of golgi apparatus

stacked flattened sacs

function of golgi apparatus

protein packaging, modification and export

key feature of golgi apparatus

produces secretory vesicles

structure of a lysosome

membrane-bound organelle with digestive enzymes

function of a lysosome

breaks down cell waste, toxins, bacteria & viruses

structure of a vacuole

membrane-bound organelle

function of a vacuole

stores water & solutes, provides structural integrity (important in plants)

structure of a vesicle

membrane bound

function of a vesicle

stores & transports substances via endocytosis/exocytosis

structure of a cytoskeleton

protein filaments

function of a cytoskeleton

maintains cell shape, organelle positioning and vesicle transport

structure of a cell wall

found in plants, bacteria, fungi (made of cellulose in plants)

function of a a cell wall

provides strength, protects against osmotic stress

key features of a cell wall

partially permeable

structure of a plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

function of plasma membrane

controls nutrient & waste transport, cell interaction

key feature of plasma membrane

hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

mitochondrion

the powerhouse of the cell

function of the mitochondrion

atp production via aerobic respiration

key feature of mitochondrion

double membrane, has its own DNA & ribosomes

aerobic cellular respiration

converts glucose into atp using oxygen (GO COW ATP → glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + oxygen + water + ATP)

structure of a chloroplast

inner & outer membrane, contains DNA

function of chloroplast

site of photosynthesis (converts light to energy)

key feature of chloroplast

contains chlorophyll in thylakoid membranes

photosynthesis

converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose & oxygen using light