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Conjugation
A process where genetic material is transferred directly from one bacterium to another through physical contact, often via a pilus.
J. Lederberg and William Hayes
demonstrated polarity in the conjugation process.
Transduction
A process by which bacterial DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another via a virus (bacteriophage).
Francois Jacob and Elie Wollman
studied the concept of transduction.
They confirmed that the DNA of a bacterial virus was the carrier of its genetic determination in the transduction process.
Seymour Benzer
used transduction of the T4 bacterial virus to fine-map genes.