Biol 367 E2 review

Why is it often more difficult to treat infections in humans caused by eukaryotic microbes than it is to treat bacterial infections?

The cells found in eukaryotes and humans are more similar than cells of bacteria and humans

How is HPV able to keep its genome so small

overlapping reading frames

Mites, ticks, and lice all

are ectoparasites

Helminths include all of the following except

fleas

A small subset of the human population does not express the CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors. To what virus are these individuals naturally immune?

HIV

What type of bacteriophage infection results in immediate death of the host cell?

Lytic

The Baltimore model of classification is based on classifying genetic information as

coding or non-coding, RNA versus DNA, AND single or double-stranded (all of these)

The period right after infection when phages cannot be detected in growth medium is the

eclipse

*Trypanosoma brucei*, the parasite that causes African sleeping sickness, is carried by

tsetse flies

Why is perianal itching significant in the life cycle of pinworms?

Eggs are trapped under the fingernails and transferred to new hosts.

Some human aspergillus and histoplasmosis infections are caused by

inhalation of fungal spores

Arthropods include all the following EXCEPT?

tapeworms

So few HIV virions released in the blood are actually infectious because

reverse transcriptase has a high error rate

The function of the apical complex on a merozoite form of plasmodium falciparum is

to allow a merozoite to enter a red blood cell

Which of these would be affected by an integrase inhibitor?

HIV

Viruses can infect

bacteria, eukaryotes, AND arhaea (all of these)

Blocking this enzyme/process would have little to no effect on influenza.

DNA polymerase

Which of the following is NOT caused by misfolded protein

hepatitis

West Nile virus is capable of infecting many different organisms (humans, birds, raccoons, and so on). This information indicated that the West Nile virus

has a broad host range

The organism that causes thrush is

*Candida albicans*

Why must the genome of HPV enter the nucleus for replication?

The DNA genome of HPV can only be replicated in the nucleus where host DNA polymerase is found

Protease inhibitors are common antiviral drugs targeting

HIV

What type of HPV causes cancer?

some types of latent HPV

In the life cycle of the trypanosome, which of the following forms proliferates within the definitive host?

slender

When comparing sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction, the advantage of sexual reproduction is that it

increases genetic diversity, which may be useful in a changing environment

What is the cure for infection with HIV

There is no cure for HIV

Viruses cause more illnesses on an everyday basis than bacteria. Why are there so few antiviral agents compared to antibacterial agents?

Viruses use functions of the host to replicate themselves, so achieving selective toxicity is very difficult

Prion diseases can be acquired by all of the following methods EXCEPT

transmission by a virus

An enveloped virus obtains its envelope from

the host cell

Culturing viruses is difficult because viruses

must be grown inside a living cell

Which of the following mechanisms does an ameba use for locomotion?

pseudopods

_______ refers to the range of tissue types a virus can infect

Tissue tropism

Which enzyme does HIV use to replicate its own genome?

Reverse transcriptase

Which of these modes of action of antivirals would have the broadest spectrum of activity?

Disruption of viral mRNA

Inhibition of viral envelope acidification would ________ an influenza infection

inhibit

When comparing invertebrate parasites to “true” microbes, which of the following is found in invertebrate parasites only?

fully differentiated organ systems