BIOCHEMISTRY (LIPIDS)

THIS IS THE FRACTION OF ANY BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL THAT IS INSOLUBLE IN WATER BUT SOLUBLE IN ONE OR MORE SOLVENTS OF LOW POLARITY

LIPIDS

TRUE OR FALSE. LIPIDS VARY GREATLY IN THEIR STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS, THEREFORE, THERE IS NO STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS BASED ON THEIR STRUCTURE

TRUE

LIPIDS ARE A BIG HETEROGENOUS GROUP OF COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN?

FATTY ACIDS, WAXES, STEROIDS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, SPHINGOLIPIDS

MOST COMMON MEMBRANE LIPIDS ARE?

PHOSPHOLIPIDS, FREE CHOLESTEROL, AND GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS

SIMPLE LIPIDS HAVE 2 BUILDING BLOCK COMPONENTS WHICH ARE?

FATTY ACIDS AND ALCOHOL

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIPIDS ARE LINKED TOGETHER BY?

ESTER BONDS

THIS HAS AN ALCOHOL BACKBONE, GLYCEROL TO WHICH 3 MOLECULES OF FATTY ACIDS ARE ATTACHED VIA ESTER BONDS

TRIACYLGLYCEROL/TRIGLYCERIDES

THIS IS A TRIHYDRIC ALCOHOL, CONSISTING OF 3 HYDROXYL GROUPS ATTACHED TO 3 CARBON ATOMS

GLYCEROL

IN THE ___ GROUP, YOU CAN ESTERIFY A FATTY ACID, WHICH MAKES FATS AND OILS TRIGLYCERIDE/TRIACYLGLYCEROL

HYDROXYL

ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS WITH HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOLS

WAXES

TRUE OR FALSE. WAXES ARE MADE UP OF SEVERAL HYDROCARBON RESIDUES WHICH IS WHY THEY HAVE A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT

TRUE

ONE (1) HYDROXYL (OH) GROUP TO WHICH YOU CAN ALSO ATTACH A FATTY ACID

MONOHYDRIC WAX

THIS IS A SUGAR CONTAINING SPHINGOLIPIDS

GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS

THIS MOSTLY CONSIST OF 12-32 CARBON ATOMS

WAXES

WHAT IS THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF BEESWAX?

MYRICYL PALMITATE

THESE ARE YELLOW BEESWAX TREATED WITH ALCOHOL; STIFFENING AGENT

BEESWAX ABSOLUTE

THIS FUNCTIONS AS A FAT BASE AND THICKENER FOR OINTMENTS AND CREAMS; DEPILATING WAX; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND HEALING PROPERTIES

BEESWAX (CERA ALBA)

THIS IS EXTRACTED BY CENTRIFUGING SHEEP WOOL TO SEPARATE OIL FROM CHEMICALS AND DEBRIS

LANOLIN

THIS PROTECTS THE SHEEP WOOL AND SKIN FROM THE ENVIRONMENT

LANOLIN

THIS HAS A CONDITIONING PROPERTIES FOR COSMETICS, SKIN CARE, AND HAIR PRODUCTS

LANOLIN

THIS IS A VEGETABLE WAX

CARNAUBA WAX

THIS WAX IS A COMMON COMPONENT OF FURNITURE, LEATHER, CAR, AND SHOE POLISHES

CARNAUBA WAX

THIS IS USED IN COSMETICS, POLISH FOR CANDIES AND MEDICINAL PILLS, THICKENER FOR SOLVENTS AND OILS, AND HARDENER FOR PRINTING INKS

CARNAUBA WAX

THIS IS LIQUID AT BODY TEMPERATURE. OBTAINED FROM THE HEAD OF A SPERM WHALE OR A BOTTLENOSE WHALE

SPERMACETI

THIS WAX WAS USED CHIEFLY IN OINTMENTS, COSMETICS CREAMS, FINE WAX CANDLES, POMADES, AND TEXTILE FINISHING; LATER USED FOR INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS

SPERMACETI

THESE ARE ESTERS WITH VARIOUS ALCOHOL GROUPS, WITH AN ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONAL GROUP

COMPOUND LIPIDS

HYBRID MOLECULES OF LIPIDS AND APOPROTEINS

LIPOPROTEINS

THESE ARE FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF LIPOPROTEINS

APOPROTEINS

FOUR COMMON LIPOPROTEINS INSIDE THE BODY

CHYLOMICRONS, LDL, VLDL, HDL

THERE ARE TWO STRUCTURAL BACKBONE IN SIMPLE AND COMPOUND LIPIDS WHICH ARE?

GLYCEROL AND SPHINGOSINE

THIS IS A VERY LONG MOLECULE AND IS THE STRUCTURAL BACKBONE OF ALL SPHINGOLIPIDS

SPHINGOSINE

SPHINGOSINE IS SYNTHESIZED INSIDE OUR BODY FROM A?

HYDROXYAMINO ACID (SERINE)

SPHINGOSINE IS MADE UP OF TWO SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE?

SERINE AND PALMITIC ACID

MAKES UP THE FIRST THREE (3) CARBON ATOMS OF SPHINGOSINE

SERINE

THIS IS A LONG CHAIN 16 CARBON ATOM SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

PALMITIC ACID

IN SPHINGOSINE, THERE IS ONE DOUBLE BOND, IT IS TO THESE THREE (3) CARBON ATOMS WHERE YOU ATTACH ____

SUBSTITUENT GROUPS

THE FATTY ACID OF SPHINGOSINE IS ATTACHED TO THE ____ BY AN ____

A-AMINO OF SERINE; AMIDE BOND (—NHCO)

IF YOU ATTACH SUGAR TO SPHINGOSINE, OR OTHER MOLECULES, YOU ADD IT TO WHAT GROUP?

HYDROXYL GROUP (—OH)

A VERY COMMON ALCOHOL BACKBONE FOUND IN MANY LIPIDS

GLYCEROL

TRIHYDRIC ALCOHOL (THREE HYDROXYL GROUPS ATTACHED TO THREE DIFFERENT CARBON ATOMS)

GLYCEROL

THIS CAN ATTACH SIDE CHAINS OR FUNCTIONAL GROUPS TO THE HYDROXYL GROUPS

GLYCEROL

A PHOSPHATE GROUP CAN ALSO BE ADDED TO ONE OF THE THREE (3) CARBON ATOMS, FORMING ______

PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE

TRUE OR FALSE. FATTY ACIDS AND PHOSPHATE GROUPS CAN BE ATTACHED TO ANY HYDROXYL GROUP OF GLYCEROL TO FORM ANOTHER KIND OF LIPID

TRUE

FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES SUCH AS THE?

PROSTANOIDS

THESE ARE SYNTHESIZED BY POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND CATALYZED BY CYCLOOXYGENASE

EICOSANOIDS

ECOTRIN IS AN EXAMPLE OF?

EICOSANOIDS

THIS IS NOT SOLUBLE IN ACETONE

LECITHIN

THE MOST COMMON COMPONENT OF LIPIDS, MOST ESPECIALLY THE SIMPLE AND COMPOUND

TRIACYLGLYCEROL BELONGS TO THE CLASS OF?

SIMPLE LIPIDS

GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDE BELONGS TO THE CLASS OF?

COMPOUND LIPIDS

CORTISOL BELONGS TO THE CLASS OF?

PRECURSOR/DERIVED LIPIDS

ONE OF THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND LIPIDS

FATTY ACIDS

OTHER BUILDING BLOCKS OF FATTY ACIDS

SPHINGOSINE AND GLYCEROL ALCOHOL BACKBONE

THESE ARE FOOD SUPPLEMENTS THAT ENHANCE NUTRITION

TIMNODONIC ACID AND DHA

THESE FATTY ACIDS ARE NOT TRULY ESSENTIAL

EPA AND DHA

DHA AND EPA WILL ONLY TRULY BE ESSENTIAL IN THE ABSENCE OF?

ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID (ALA)

HOW MANY CARBOXYL GROUP DOES PALMITIC ACID HAVE?

ONE

TRUE OR FALSE. THE CARBOXYL GROUP OF PALMITIC ACID CAN SERVE AS A POINT OF REFERENCE

TRUE

A TYPE OF FATTY ACIDS THAT HAVE DOUBLE BONDS

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

A TYPE OF FATTY ACIDS THAT DOES NOT HAVE DOUBLE BONDS

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

SUFFIX USED WHEN THERE IS A DOUBLE BOND PRESENT IS?

ENOIC

MOST ABUNDANT FATTY ACIDS IN NATURE ARE; THEY CAN ALSO BE SYNHESIZED INSIDE OUR BODY

PALMITIC ACID (C-16) AND STEARIC ACID (C-18)

TYPE OF FATTY ACIDS THAT HAS NO DOUBLE BONDS; ABUNDANT IN ANIMAL FATS BUT CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN PLANT OILS

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

TYPE OF FA THAT MAY BE ENVISAGED AS BASED ON ACETIC ACID (CH3—COOH) AS THE FIRST MEMBER OF THE SERIES IN WHICH CH2—IS PROGRESSIVELY ADDED BETWEEN THE TERMINAL CH3—AND —COOH GROUPS

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

MAJOR END PRODUCT OF CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION BY RUMEN ORGANISMS

ACETIC (C-2)

IN CERTAIN FATS IN SMALL AMOUNTS (ESPECIALLY BUTTER). AN END PRODUCT OF CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION BY RUMEN ORGANISM

BUTYRIC (C-4)

NUMBER OF C ATOMS OF VALERIC IS?

5

NUMBER OF C ATOMS CAPROIC IS?

6

OCCURS IN SPERMACETI, CINNAMON, PALM KERNEL, COCONUT OILS, LAURELS, BUTTER

LAURIC (C-12)

OCCURS IN NUTMEG, PALM KERNEL, COCONUT OILS, MYRTLES, BUTTER

MYRISTIC (C-14)

THIS IS COMMON IN ALL ANIMLS AND PLANT FATS

PALMITIC (C-16)

NUMBER OF C ATOMS STEARIC IS?

18

TYPE OF FATTY ACIDS THAT IS ABUNDANT IN PLANTS AND FISH OILS; BUT CAN ALSO BE PRESENT IN ANIMAL FATSTY A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS HAVE HOW MANY BONDS?

2 OR MORE

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS MAY BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTO TWO WHICH ARE?

MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

A TYPE OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID THAT FORM ONE DOUBLE BOND ONLY

MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

THIS CAN BE SYNTHESIZED FROM PALMITIC ACID (HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS)

PALMITOLEIC ACID (16:1)

THIS CAN BE SYNTHESIZED FROM STEARIC ACID (HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS) AND CAN BE SYNTHESIZED INSIDE THE BODY

OLEIC ACID (18:1)

BOTH PALMITOLEIC AND OLEIC ACID CAN BE SYNTHESIZED THROUGH THE SATURATIO REACTION BY?

ENZYME SATURASE

TYPE OF UNSATURATED FA THAT HAS TWO OR MORE DOUBLE BONDS

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 ARE EXAMPLES OF?

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

THESE ARE USUALLY THE PRECURSORS OF EICOSANOIDS

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

THIS IS DERIVED FROM EICOSA (20C) POLYENOIC FATTY ACIDS

EICOSANOIDS

THIS MEANS 20 CARBON ATOMS

EICOSA

THIS MEANS DOUBLE BOND

ENOIC

THE MOST COMMON PRECURSOR OF EICOSANOIDS IS?

ARACHIDONIC ACID (EICOSATETRAENOIC ACID)

PROSTANOIDS AND LEUKOTRIENES ARE EXAMPLES OF?

EICOSANOIDS

LIPOXINS, PROSTAGLANDIN, PROSTACYCLINS, AND THROMBOXANES ARE EXAMPLES OF?

EICOSANOIDS

____ HAVE THE CYCLOPENTANE RING INTERRUPTED WITH AN OXYGEN ATOM (OXANE RING)

THROMBOXANES

THIRD GROUP OF EICOSANOID DERIVATIVES

LEUKOTRIENES AND LIPOXINS

LEUKOTRIENES AND LIPOXINS ARE FORMED VIA THE?

LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY

THIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF THREE OR FOUR CONJUGATED DOUBLE BONDS, RESPECTIVELY

LEUKOTRIENES AND LIPOXINS

THIS CAUSES BRONCHOCONSTRICTION AS WELL AS BEING POTENT PROINFLAMMATORY AGENTS, AND PLAY A PART IN ASTHMA

LEUKOTRIENES

A TYPE OF FATTY ACIDS THAT CAN BE SYNTHESIZED IN OUR BODY

NON-ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

EXAMPLE OF NON-ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS THAT ARE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

PALMITOLEIC AND OLEIC ACID

TYPE OF FATTY ACIDS THAT CANNOT BE SYNTHESIZED IN OUR BODY

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

THESE ARE TRULY ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS BECAUSE THERE IS NO WAY TO SYNTHESIZE THEM INSIDE THE BODY

LINOLEIC ACID AND ALPHA-LINOLEIC ACID

FATTY ACIDS THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED FROM THE FOODS THAT WE EAT

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID

CIS-9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID

ALPHA-LINOLEIC ACID

OCTADECA MEANS?

18 CARBONS