Reformation

Baptism

Sacrament by which God cleanses all sin, and one becomes a member of the church.

Clergy

Church officials

Communion

Sacrament when a person receives the body and blood of Christ

Excommunication

Banishment from the church

Heretic

Someone who goes against accepted religious beliefs

Hierarchy

A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

Ideology

A system of ideas and ideals

Inquisition

A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.

Laity

Church members who are not clergy

Monotheism

Belief in one God

Polytheism

Belief in many gods

Prophet

A person who speaks or interprets for God to other people

Sacrament

Sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church

Salvation

The act of delivering from sin or saving from evil

Schism

A formal split within a religious organization

Sect

A subgroup of a major religious group

Sin

An immoral act considered to be a transgression against religious law.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

Thesis

A statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.

Transubstantiation

Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ.

Predestination

Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation

Huguenots

French Protestants

Anglicanism

Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife

Zwingli

A Swiss religious and social reformer who led the Swiss reformation, rejected papal authority

John Calvin

French theologian who attracted Protestant followers with his teachings and settled in Geneva.

Peace of Augsburg

A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in Germany.

Lutheranism

(The first) Protestant denomination of Christian faith; founded by Martin Luther

Holy Roman Empire

Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.

Diet of Worms

This was the conference that Charles V called to bring Martin Luther to speak

Recant

to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract

Council of Trent

A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. Outlawed sale of indulgences.

Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)

Response and reforms by the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation

doctrine

a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group.

"The Elect"

In Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation.

Indulgences

In the Roman Catholic Church, a piece of paper sold as a pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime.

Index of Forbidden Books

A list of books that were forbidden to Catholics in order to protect them from heretical ideas

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534.

Theology

the study of religion

denounce

publicly declare to be wrong or evil

recant

to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract

Charles V

He was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation

Henry VIII

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

St. Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of the Jesuits

Pope Leo X

He was the pope that used the sale of indulgences to rebuild a basilica and he was also the pope who challenged Martin Luther

Martin Luther

German theologian who led the Reformation

Johann Tetzel

A monk Luther found offensive because he sold indulgences with the slogan "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs."

Anabaptists

Protestants who insisted that only adult baptism conformed to Scripture, not infant baptism

Calvinism

Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination

Catholicism

The system, doctrine, and practice of the Roman Catholic Church.

Protestantism

Religions born of protests to the practices of Catholicism

What is the significance of the catholic reformation?

The Catholic Reformation, also known as the Counter-Reformation, was a period of Catholic revival in response to the Protestant Reformation. Its significance lies in the reforms made by the Catholic Church to address the criticisms of the Protestant movement, including the establishment of the Jesuits, the Council of Trent, and the Index of Forbidden Books. These reforms helped to solidify the Catholic Church's authority and strengthen its position in Europe.

What was the protestant reformation?

The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity. It was led by figures such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, who challenged the authority of the Pope and emphasized the importance of individual faith and the Bible.

What is the relationship between sin and salvation?

In Christianity, sin is seen as a separation from God and salvation is the process of being saved from that separation. According to Christian belief, Jesus Christ died on the cross to pay the penalty for the sins of humanity, and through faith in him, individuals can be saved and reconciled with God. Therefore, sin is the problem and salvation is the solution.