VS 6100 Lab - Other Skull Stuff

anterior cranial fossa

formed from the frontal bone and the lesser wings and anterior parts of the sphenoid bone

middle cranial fossa

formed from the sphenoid and temporal bone

posterior cranial fossa

formed by the sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones

what are the parasinuses lined with?

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

where do the paranasal sinuses open up into?

nasal cavity

what are paranasal sinuses?

air filled spaced located within the bones of the skull and facial bones

what are the four paired paranasal sinuses?

frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, and ethmoid sinus

frontal sinus

sinus located in frontal bone between eyebrows

sphenoid sinus

located inside the skull, inferior to sella turcica

maxillary sinus

located on either side of the nasal cavity, under the eyes in the maxilla

ethmoid sinus

located on either side of the nasal cavity close to medial canthus of eye

pterygopalatine fossa

anatomical space created by bony appositions in the anterior lateral aspect of the skull, passageway for nerves and blood vessels

internal carotid arteries

supplies anterior, medial, and lateral cerebrum

external carotid arteries

supplies external head and neck

vertebral arteries

supplies posterior cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum

vertebral artery path

transverse foramina of C1-C6 - enters foramen magnum or condylar canal - enters base of the brain - joins and forms the basilar artery leading to the circle of willis

circle of willis

ring shaped network of arteries at the base of the brain that connects the brain's anterior and posterior blood systems

how many branches does the external carotid have?

8

anterior meningeal artery

receives blood from a branch of the anterior ethmoid artery from the opthalmic artery

middle meningeal artery

receives blood from a branch of the maxillary artery from the external carotid artery

posterior meningeal arteries

receive blood from a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery from the external carotid artery

pterion

site of convergence of 5 sutures, common site for skull fracture, high risk for shearing middle meningeal artery

primary muscles of facial expression

frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, procerus, corrugator supercilii, buccinator, orbicularis oris

frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle function

wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows, draws scalp backwards

palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi function

genle eyelid closure

orbital portion of orbicularis oculi function

forceful closure of eyelids

procerus and corrugator supercilii function

medial movement of eyebrows

buccinator function

presses cheek against teeth

orbicularis oris function

closes and protrudes lips

what muscles does CNV3 innervate?

masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

what are the primary muscles of mastication?

masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

masseter function

closes mandible

temporalis function

closes and retracts mandible

medial pterygoid function

closes mandible

lateral pterygoid function

opens mandible

secondary muscles of mastication

buccinator, suprahyoid muscles

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

mylohyoid, anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid

what is the mylohyoid muscle innervated by?

CNV3

what is the anterior belly of the digastric muscle innervated by?

CNV3

what is the posterior belly of the digastric muscle innervated by?

CNVII

what is the stylohyoid muscle innervated by?

CNVII

what is the geniohyoid muscle innervated by?

branch of cervical nerve C1 travelnig with CNXI

trapezius muscle innervation

CNXI

trapezius function

elevation, retraction depression of scapula, aids in arm/shoulder/neck movements

where does the trapezius attach to the skull?

superior nuchal line of occipital bone

sternocleidomastoid innervation

CNXI

sternocleidomastoid function

turns head to opposite side

where does the sternocleidomastoid attach to the skull?

mastoid process of temporal bone

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

thoracic vertebrae

T1-12

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5

vertebral columns divisions

1. cervical vertebrae 2. thoracic vertebrae 3. lumbar vertebrae 4. sacrum 5. coccyx

C1

atlas

characteristics of C1

lacks vertebral body and spinous process

function of C1

responsible for yes motion

C2

axis

characteristics of C2

prominent dens

C2 function

responsible for no motion