ap euro unit 1.3/1.4/1.5

What is the thematic focus of Topic 1.3: Northern Renaissance?

Cultural and Intellectual Developments (CID) related to the creation and transmission of knowledge, involving the relationship between traditional sources of authority and differing world views.

What was Desiderius Erasmus's main idea in 'In Praise of Folly'?

Erasmus criticized the wealthy clergy, questioning why priests were affluent when Jesus and his disciples were poor, emphasizing the need for church reform.

What are the influences of Northern Renaissance art?

1. Religion - biblical themes are prevalent; 2. Human-centered naturalism - depiction of everyday life regardless of social status.

Name three key Northern Renaissance artists to know.

1. Pieter Bruegel the Elder; 2. Rembrandt; 3. Albrecht Dürer.

What are the cultural and intellectual developments of the Northern Renaissance?

The Northern Renaissance focused on the creation and transmission of knowledge, challenging traditional sources of authority and developing differing world views.

Which artist is known for depicting peasant life in the Northern Renaissance?

Pieter Bruegel the Elder is known for his paintings that depict peasant life and everyday scenes.

What criticism did Erasmus make about the clergy in his work 'In Praise of Folly'?

Erasmus criticized the wealthy clergy for being affluent while Jesus and his disciples lived in poverty, highlighting the need for church reform.

How did the printing press revolutionize access to literature?

The printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of literature, including the Bible, making it accessible to a wider audience and encouraging personal interpretation.

What was the impact of the printing press on vernacular language?

The printing press facilitated the use of vernacular languages in literature, which helped promote national cultures and literacy among the general populace.

What was the Act of Supremacy and its significance in English history?

The Act of Supremacy was a law enacted by Henry VIII declaring himself the supreme head of the Church of England, establishing state control over religious life.

How did Elizabeth I attempt to unify England religiously?

Elizabeth I's Elizabethan Religious Settlement aimed to unify England by establishing the Anglican Church and promoting religious tolerance between Catholics and Protestants.

What role did the Concordat of Bologna play in France?

The Concordat of Bologna was an agreement that defined the relationship between the French crown and the Catholic Church, giving the king significant control over church appointments.

What was the significance of the Spanish Inquisition?

The Spanish Inquisition sought to consolidate Catholicism in Spain by persecuting Muslims and Jews, leading to a period of religious uniformity and enforced conversions.

What characteristics define centralized monarchies in early modern Europe?

Centralized monarchies featured tax collection directed to the monarch, a royal bureaucracy, modern military forces, and the monarchs’ authority over justice and religious matters.

Who were the 'Nobles of the Robe' and their significance?

The 'Nobles of the Robe' were a class of nobility in France that gained power through purchase of administrative positions, contributing to the centralization of royal authority.

What did Machiavelli argue about political power?

Machiavelli argued for a secular government where power is concentrated in an absolutist monarch, free from the influences of the church and traditional nobility.

What was the divine right of kings as advocated by Jean Bodin?

The divine right of kings posits that monarchs are chosen by God and thus should not be questioned, leading to absolute authority over their subjects.

How did religious reform affect political power in England during Henry VIII's reign?

Henry VIII's religious reforms allowed him to consolidate political power by establishing the Church of England, thereby diminishing the influence of the pope and the Catholic Church.

What was one consequence of the English Reformation?

One consequence of the English Reformation was the establishment of a national church that aligned the monarchy with religious authority, diminishing papal influence.