history unit 6

nationalism

an ideology that emphasizes loyalty and devotion to a nation

militarism

the belief of a government that a country should have a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

alliance

relationship formed between countries for mutual benefit and interests

triple alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

triple entente

Britain, France, Russia

Kaiser Wilhelm II

militarist german emperor who assured austria-hungary of unlimited support, greatly contributing to world war 1

the Balkans—Europe's powder keg

as The Ottoman Empire collapsed, there was a rise of nationalism in the balkans, which led to increased tensions and conflicts in the region, setting the stage and becoming a catalyst for ww1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assinated in sarajevo on june 28 1914 by the black hand, leading to the outbreak of world war 1

Black Hand

serbian terrorist group that assasinated archduke franz ferdinand, creating tension between serbia and austria-hungary

central powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

western front

major theatre of World War I, western side of territory under the control of Germany

Schlieffen Plan

plan to concentrate all German effort on the right wing of the German army in reponse to being surrounded by russia and france

trench warfare

type of land warfare using lines of military trenches to protect soldiers from enemy fire and artillery

Battle of Verdun

longest battle of ww1 fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front, taking place on the hills north of Verdun-sur-Meuse.

Battle of the Somme

battle fought by Britain and France against germany, which took place between 1 July and 18 November 1916

weapons of World War I

submarine, machine gun, tank, poison gas, flamethrower

eastern front

Theater of ww1 with Russia and Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany on the other.

unrestricted submarine warfare

On 4 February 1915, Germany sunk british merchant ships without warning, angering neutral countries, especially the United States

the Lusitania

british ocean liner that was sunk by the germans killing 1,195 people including 123 americans

Zimmerman Note

telegram sent to mexico by germany to offer u.s land for their alliance

total war

unrestricted military conflict, countries willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory

rationing

many supplies such as food were rationed and diverted to the soldiers and war effort

propaganda

information of a biased or misleading nature used to promote a political cause or point of view

woman in the war

with men fighting in the war, woman began to fill in their jobs and work in many kinds of factories, their worth was greatly recognized after the war

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, with Russia withdrawing from the war

armistice

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

legacy of the war

World War I led to pivotal changes in countries culture, technology, economy, and economy

Fourteen Points

plan of president woodrow wilson to assemble a league of nations to maintain peace and end european colonialism

self-determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

treaty of versailles

treaty signed by the victorious Allied powers and Germany in the palace of Versailles near paris and ended the war between Germany and the Allied powers, imposing a series of harsh penalties on Germany, such as territorial losses, disarmament, and war reparations.

league of nations

an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War for resolving international disputes.

"Peace Built on Quicksand"

the way that the war had ended had almost guaranteed war to break out later on

"war guilt" clause

clause forcing the Germany to accept complete responsibility for initiating World War I.