Flowering Plants

flowering plants

Root System

The part of a flowering plant that anchors it to the surface and absorbs and transports water and minerals.

Shoot System

The above-ground part of a flowering plant that includes the stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants transform light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.

Respiration

The metabolic process that releases energy by converting glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.

Osmosis

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.

Mitosis

A type of cell division where one parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, essential for sexual reproduction.

Vegetative Reproduction

A type of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants arise without the production of seeds.

Gametes

Sex cells produced during meiosis; they contain only one member from each pair of chromosomes.

Zygote

The first cell of a new organism formed by the

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that is essential for photosynthesis.

Xylem

Tissue in vascular plants responsible for the transportation of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue in plants that transports nutrients, particularly sugars produced by photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Osmosis

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

Annual plants

Plants that complete their life cycle in one year or one growing season.

Perennial plants

Plants that live for more than two years, typically growing and flowering over the seasons.

Fertilization

The union of two gametes to form a zygote, marking the beginning of a new organism.

Cell membrane

A semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Specialized cells

Cells that have a specific function and structure to perform particular tasks in an organism.

Metabolic process

The physical and chemical processes necessary to synthesize and transform substances into energy that is made available for use by a plant organism.