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Arabian Peninsula before Islam
Not united under a single government
Bedouins
Desert tribe centered around families
Kaaba
Shrine located near the center of the Great Mosque
Muhammad
Began to preach a new monotheistic religion, Islam
Gabriel
Spoke to Muhammad saying he was God’s chosen messenger
Mecca
Holiest place that at first disagreed with him
Medina
 to spread religion and leave persecution and got a lot of support from the city
Caliph
Successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader
Abu Bakr
Became the caliph after Muhammad who suppressed tribal political and religious uprising
Umar
Sunni muslim, began codifying Islamic law, companion of Muhammad
Uthman
wrote the standardized version of the Qur’an, second cousin of Muhammad
Ali
cousin and son in law of Muhammad, Shia Muslim
Sunni
the choice of the ruler is in the hands of the people
Shia
descendents of Muhammad son-in-law are the true rulers
Spread of Islam
Started in Mecca, but got no support after years, Moved to Medina and got a lot of support from Medina and Bedouin, Returned to Mecca and conquered
Umayyad Caliphate date
661-750 CE
Umayyad Caliphate capital
Damascus
Umayyad Caliphate government
Hereditary caliph
Umayyad Caliphate economy
Agriculture,Traded perfumes
Umayyad Caliphate decline
Becme overextended
Abbasid Caliphate date
750- 1258 CE
Abbasid Caliphate capital
Baghdad
Abbasid Caliphate government
Hereditary monarchy
Abbasid Caliphate economy
Boosted the economy, Infrastructure, cultural exchange, pro-trade politics
Abbasid Caliphate decline
Fragmentation of empire led to regional leaders wanting indpendence
Harun al-Rashid
5th Abbasid Caliph who founded the House of Wisdom
House of Wisdom
Symbol of Abbasid commitment to learning with a society of scientists and academics, a translation department, and a library that preserved the knowledge acquired by the Abbasids over the centuries
Mosques reflected
diversity of Mulim lands and cathdrals of Europe
Mosques included
tower, balcony, courtyard, minbar, and niche
Al-Khawarizmi
father of algebra
0
Which number advancement
Structure and medicine
Animal books on what
Al-Jahiz
theories on the evolution of animals
logic and reason
What was their basis of education
Al-kindi
made reason and logic go co hand with religion
Books were made
Sheets of paper sewed with a leather binding
Ziyrab
singer and musician who established the first music school
Caligraphy
What was the highest form of decorative art
Tolerant
How did they treat the people they conquered
Note 
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