Unit 12 Medieval Islamic Caliphate

Arabian Peninsula before Islam

Not united under a single government

Bedouins

Desert tribe centered around families

Kaaba

Shrine located near the center of the Great Mosque

Muhammad

Began to preach a new monotheistic religion, Islam

Gabriel

Spoke to Muhammad saying he was God’s chosen messenger

Mecca

Holiest place that at first disagreed with him

Medina

 to spread religion and leave persecution and got a lot of support from the city

Caliph

Successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader

Abu Bakr

Became the caliph after Muhammad who suppressed tribal political and religious uprising

Umar

Sunni muslim, began codifying Islamic law, companion of Muhammad

Uthman

wrote the standardized version of the Qur’an, second cousin of Muhammad

Ali

cousin and son in law of Muhammad, Shia Muslim

Sunni

the choice of the ruler is in the hands of the people

Shia

descendents of Muhammad son-in-law are the true rulers

Spread of Islam

Started in Mecca, but got no support after years, Moved to Medina and got a lot of support from Medina and Bedouin, Returned to Mecca and conquered

Umayyad Caliphate date

661-750 CE

Umayyad Caliphate capital

Damascus

Umayyad Caliphate government

Hereditary caliph

Umayyad Caliphate economy

Agriculture,Traded perfumes

Umayyad Caliphate decline

Becme overextended

Abbasid Caliphate date

750- 1258 CE

Abbasid Caliphate capital

Baghdad

Abbasid Caliphate government

Hereditary monarchy

Abbasid Caliphate economy

Boosted the economy, Infrastructure, cultural exchange, pro-trade politics

Abbasid Caliphate decline

Fragmentation of empire led to regional leaders wanting indpendence

Harun al-Rashid

5th Abbasid Caliph who founded the House of Wisdom

House of Wisdom

Symbol of Abbasid commitment to learning with a society of scientists and academics, a translation department, and a library that preserved the knowledge acquired by the Abbasids over the centuries

Mosques reflected

diversity of Mulim lands and cathdrals of Europe

Mosques included

tower, balcony, courtyard, minbar, and niche

Al-Khawarizmi

father of algebra

0

Which number advancement

Structure and medicine

Animal books on what

Al-Jahiz

theories on the evolution of animals

logic and reason

What was their basis of education

Al-kindi

made reason and logic go co hand with religion

Books were made

Sheets of paper sewed with a leather binding

Ziyrab

singer and musician who established the first music school

Caligraphy

What was the highest form of decorative art

Tolerant

How did they treat the people they conquered