Neurons

Neuron

single nerve cell

Specializes in the transmission of info within the nervous system

The building blocks

Nerve

bundle of neurons

How many neurons does the average human brain have?

100 billion neurons

Sensory Neuron

neurons that are associated with the different senses (brain)

Interneuron

they connect up the muscles and make you move

Motor neuron

the ones that deal with both senses and muscles

Cell Body

It houses the nucleus and only has one job: “Housekeeping” brings in nutrients and gets rid of waste

Dendrites

get info from outside neuron and get into neuron

Axon

Carries info from point A to point B

Fun fact: some can be as long as 2-3 feet

Can all be different sizes

Axon Terminals

neuron takes info from inside the neuron to another neuron like muscle or gland

Myelin Sheath

fatty tissue; purpose is to protect and speed transmission speed

Multiple sclerosis

disease that attacks myelin; eats at the myelin sheets and will moreover destroy them

action potential

rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

concentration gradient

fluids flowing from high concentration to low concentration to make everything even out

Refactorary period

neuron going back to normal, stage can happen again

all of none principle

full action potential or no action potential.

Depolarization

a process that shifts the electrical charge distribution so that the cell is less negatively charged compared to the environment

Repolarization

Positives will go in the opposite direction, and then they'll become negative again

Hyperpolarization

a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative