Biology 30 Chapter 16

Which cells mitosis produce?

Mitosis: Cell division to produce somatic cells

Mitosis

PMAT ( Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)

Prophase

1) Chromosome condense

2) Nucleus and nucleolus break down

3) Centrioles migrate to poles

4) Spindle fibers start to form

Metaphase

5) Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at their centromere

6) Replicated chromosomes line up on one top of another along the metaphase plate

Anaphase

7) Centromere divide in half

8) Unreplicated chromosomes move to opposite poles

Telophase

9) Nucleus and nucleolus reappear at each pole

10) Spindle fibers disappear

11) Division of cytoplasm begins

Cytokinesis

After MITOSIS

Divides the parent cell into two daughter cell

Animal cells = a cleavage furrow

Plant cells = a cell plate forms

Mitosis

total cells created 2 in mitosis

Meiosis

total cell created 4 in meiosis

How chromosomes are sorted between daughters

Mitosis ( by sister chromatids)

Meiosis by homologous pair

Crossing over during meiosis 1 prophase

Cell cycle

A continuous sequence of cell growth and division; the life cycle of a cell

Chromatin

Long fibers that form chromosomes and contain DNA, non condensed form of genetic material that predominates for most of the cell cycle.

Diploid

Describing a cell that contains two pairs of every chromosome, designated as 2n; somatic cells. Diploid number in humans is 46 or 23 pairs.

Haploid

Unpaired chromosomes, (egg and sperm ( are haploid

n=23

Diploid 2n=46

Polyploid

They have sets of more that two homologous chromosomes,

3n triploid, octopod 8n

Mitosis

Making two identical daughter cells

Performed in all autosomes

Allows growth

Used for repair and replacement of cells

Uncontrolled, rapid cell division are known as cancer

Rather that spending much of their cell cycle as functioning tissue cells in interphase, cancerous cells move quickly from one ce division to the next.

Tumor

The result is a fast-growing mass of non-functional cells

Tetrad

A pair of homologous chromosomes is made up of four chromatids and is called a tetrad