Honors Chem. - Exam 01

The Big bang

the leading scientific theory of how the universe started. rapid expansion from hot, dense state

Einstein’s theory of relativity

theories explaining gravity and the relationship between space and time

Cosmic background radtiation

electromagnetic radiation left over from the early stages of the universe and big bang

gluons

elementary particles that act as glue between quarks

quarks

fundamental particles that combine to form protons and neutrons

hadrons

particles made up of quarks

hydrogen atom

the simplest atom. one proton and one electron

plasma

state of matter with free electrons and nuclei

quantum mechanics

branch of physics dealing with behavior of small particles

the dark age

period after big bang where everything was dark and filled with hydrogen

antimatter

subatomic particles with properties opposite of their matter counterparts

subnuclear particles

(standard model) quarks, leptons, bosons, gluons, neutrinos

subatomic particles

protons, electrons, and neutrons

nuclides

different combinations of neutrons, protons and amount of energy (all isotopes are nuclides not all nuclides are isotopes)

isotopes

different types of atoms (change in number of neutrons and atomic mass)

atoms

different kinds of atoms are called elements

molecules

different combinations of elements called compounds

ions

atoms that are not electrically neutral because of missing or extra electrons

polyatomic ions

ions that are made up of more than one atom and act like a super atom

groups on periodic table

reactive non-metals, alkali metals, alkaline metals, transition metals, other metals

metaloids, hallogens, noble gasses, lanthanides, actinides