Party Systems

This set of flashcards covers the key concepts and definitions related to political parties and party systems from the lecture notes.

A political party can be defined as a group of people that includes those who hold office () and those who help get and keep them there ().

(office holder members), (non-office holder elites and other party members)

One of the primary goals of political parties is to attain __.

power

Political parties serve four main purposes: 1. They recruit and socialize the political elite, 2. They mobilize the and aggregate the preferences of the ruled, 3. They provide a link between the rulers and the , 4. They structure the political world.

masses, ruled

A __ is a party system in which only one political party is legally allowed to hold power.

single-party system

A __ system allows multiple parties to operate, but only one party has a realistic chance of gaining power.

one-party dominant system

In a __ system, only two major political parties have a realistic chance of holding power.

two-party

A __ system is one in which more than two parties have a realistic chance of gaining power.

multiparty

A __ view treats parties as the natural representatives of people who share common interests.

Primordial

An __ view treats parties as teams of office seekers that are created by individuals recognizing opportunities.

Instrumental

Social and political cleavages are internal divisions that structure society and may be based on __, ethnicity, religion, and/or territory.

class

In the context of social cleavages, the following ingredients are necessary: social stratification, collective identity, and __ manifestation.

organizational

Types of societal cleavages include urban-rural cleavage, confessional cleavage, secular-clerical cleavage, __ cleavage, and ethnic and linguistic cleavages.

class

The __ index counts parties that win votes and is calculated as 1/Svi^2, where v is the proportion of votes received by each party.

Effective Number of Electoral Parties

The __ index counts parties that win seats and is calculated as 1/Ssi^2, where s is the proportion of seats received by each party.

Effective Number of Legislative Parties

Institutions influence what cleavages get reflected in parties, with electoral systems playing an important role in determining whether demand for __ leads to new political parties.

representation