microbio 2125 unit 6 part 9 - H1N1 Influenza A (Swine Flu)

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10 Terms

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Etiological Agent:

Orthomyxovirus (H1N1 subtype of Influenza A)

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Distinguishing Characteristics of Etiological Agent:

  • Similar to seasonal influenza A with specific H1N1 designation

  • Capable of antigenic shift and drift

  • ssRNA virus

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Virulence Factor(s):

  • Hemagglutinin: binds to host cells

  • Neuraminidase: hydrolyzes mucus, assists budding and release

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Predisposing Factors:

Exposure to infected pigs

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Transmission:

  • Close contact with infected pigs

  • Respiratory droplets

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Syndrome (Signs + Symptoms):

  • Similar to seasonal flu

  • In severe cases: pulmonary embolism

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Affected Body Region/System:

Respiratory system; potentially circulatory (in severe cases)

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Treatment:

  • Symptom control

  • Antivirals: amantadine, rimantadine, zanamivir (Relenza), oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

  • Note: Resistance to amantadine and rimantadine is high

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Prevention:

Vaccine

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Other Notes:

  • Responsible for 2009 pandemic (12,470 deaths)

  • 36,000 seasonal flu deaths annually

  • Sporadic variants occur (e.g., H1N2v); human infections reported in 2023 and 2024