AP Bio Unit 1: Chp 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life (Nucleic Acids)

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11 Terms

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Nucleic acids

2 types; Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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DNA

Provides directions for its own replication , directs synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) and through mRNA controls protein synthesis

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Nucleotides

Monomer of nucleic acids; consists of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups; Phosphate + Sugar + Nitrogenous Base

<p>Monomer of nucleic acids; consists of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups; Phosphate + Sugar + Nitrogenous Base</p>
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Nitrogenous bases

Contain 1 or 2 rings that include nitrogen atoms; Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G), Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) in DNA and Adenine pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA

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Pyrimidines

(Single ring): Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

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Purines

(Two rings): Adenine, Guanine

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Deoxyribose

The sugar in DNA (6 carbon sugar)

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Ribose

The sugar in RNA (5 carbon sugar)

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RNA molecules are

Single polypeptide chains (single stranded)

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DNA double helix

2 backbones run in opposite 5' to 3' directions from each other, referred to as antiparallel

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Base pairs (C,G,A,T,U) are joined by

hydrogen bonding