APUSH 6 Unit

National Grange of Patrons of Husbandry 1868

created cooperatives to protect farmers from RR’s and middlemen

Munn v. Illinois

goverment can regulate RR

Boom towns

towns built up at night and gold and silver discoveries created them

Frontier Thesis

Turner asserts that the settlement of the west had a considerable impact on American history

Homestead Act

provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land.

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Closes Bozemen Trail, creates Sioux reservation, grants ownership of Black Hills

1871 Indian Appropriation Act

ends recognition as independent nations (shrunk)

Ghost Dance Movement

movement sought to revive culture and life

Dawes Severalty Act

Partitioned 47 million acres of Indian land and appropriated to each Indian household

Worst land given to Indians

New Deal 1934

Reversed Dawes Act

Carlisle Indian Industrial School

Attempts at assimilation; Washed native American culture from them to make them American; school children were taken to; lead to loss of culture, death, permanent, separation

“New South”

promoted by Henry Grady;post reconstruction; small change of industrialization and large continuity of agriculture main industry

Homer Plessy

Challenge law segregating railway cars in New Orleans

Equal Protection Clause

creates separate but equal Doctrine

Civil Right Cases

weakening of 14th and 15th Amendment

consumer economy

an economy driven by consumer spending

Cornelius Vanderbilt

American entrepreneur who amassed his wealth through shipping and railroads

Andrew Carnegie

Made fortune in steel industry; Utilized vertical integration owns every step in production

J.D. Rockefeller

Made fortune in Standard Oil; Utilized Horizontal integration to become a monopoly; Used trusts to manage companies

J.P. Morgan

(Robber Barron or Captain of Industry)Banker bought up Bankrupt railroads

Jay Gould

(Captains of Industry or Robber Barron) Speculated on stocks , built wealth in railroad industry, attempt at cornering gold market results in Black Friday

imperalism

Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power and soft power.

collective bargaining

negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

West Virginia, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages for the third time in a year. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was the first strike that spread across multiple states in the U.S.

Pinkertons

private security force, escalated into violence

Yellow Dog Contracts

include clauses that prohibit union membership

First wave of migration

Northern and Western Europe

settled in rural and urban area

Second wave of migration

Southern and eastern Europe

Will settle overwhelmingly in cities

Pogroms

attack against Jews in Russia

American Protective Association and Immigration Restriction League

The League argued that the American way of life was threatened by immigration from these regions, and lobbied Washington to pass anti-immigration legislation restricting the entry of what they perceived as "undesirable" immigrants in order to uphold Old Stock Americans hegemony.

Social Darwinism

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese already in the US remain but none can come in

excluable aliens

convicts,lunatics,prostitutes, those likely to a become a public charge and anyone with contagious disease. Later anarchists and illiterate

Who provided for settlement of immigrants?

Private groups not federal or government

Mostly funded by middle or upperclassmen woman

Who in the eyes of Social Darwinism is the fittest?

The industrialists and those who are rich but later tapes into 2nd wave immigrants are inferior

Why did suburban and urban culture grow more separate?

Middle classes began to migrate to the suburbs also because cleaner and more space low cost commuting options.

Juxtapostion of Indians

the beginning of unit 6 suppression of Indians and then later used in shows were cowboys and Indians fighting

the middle class did expand despite

the growing division between the wealth and the poor

It was due to the evolving economy

that increased education opportunities

Carnegie encouraged those who were wealthy to engage in

philanthropy

Henry George

in Progress and Poverty, argued current system creates inequality

Agrarians

farmers; crushed by debt, seeking loose money in form of greenbacks or coining silver

Social Gospel

movement to promote Christian principles to help the less fortunate

Idea of fixing issues bring to salvation

Women getting education sets up for

the suffrage movement

economic issues for agrarians and labor unions led to

more radical positions and stances

Industrialists benefited from

lack of regulation, lack of minimum wages

Tariffs benefited and did not benefited

industries and did not consumers

McKinley Tariff

tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost 50%, an increase designed to protect domestic industries and workers from foreign competition.

When was Hawaii annexed

Spanish American War 1898

Republican interests

wanted high tariffs

Democrat interests

wanted lower tariffs which made imports cheaper for consumers

Panic of 1893

drain on Gold convinced workers and farmers Gold Standard was a problem

What was the split in Democractic party?

Gold bugs (referred to those who favored basing the US monetary system on gold ) and Silverites wanted a 16:1 exchange to gold

High number of votes because

of immigrants

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

provided for selection of some government employees by competitive exams rather than ties to politicians, and made it illegal to fire or demote some government officials for political reasons.

Populist Party

wanted to curtail the power of the corporate and financial establishment. ( wanted to raise awareness and their ideas later distribute to Democratic Party)

Omaha Platform

suggested a federal loans system so that farmers could get the money they needed.Unlimited coinage of silver, graduated income tax 

• Government ownership of railroads and telegraphs

• Action to stabilize crop prices

• 8 hour work day

• Direct Election of Senators

• Use of initiatives and referendums 

After election 1890s

William McKinley wins

Loss will lead to a decline of Populists as a party

Parts of its platform will be adopted by Progressive in 20th century

parties relied on patronages

help immigrants settled and hope the immigrants will vote for you

party bosses could gain personal gain through graft

Boss Tweed

arrested and convicted for graft in 1872, Political Cartoons by