Unit 1: Pre-contact Native Societies (1491-1601)

Practice flashcards covering pre-contact Native American societies, the impact of agriculture, and regional adaptations from 1491 to 1601.

What historical period is marked by the date $1491$?

Pre-columbus and Native Pre contact.

What significant event occurred in $1601$ according to the notes?

The Establishment of Jamestown.

What feature connected the Asian and American continents during the ice age?

The Bening Land Bridge, which was revealed when water levels dropped.

What is the main idea (M.I) regarding Native societies pre-contact?

Natives formed diverse socites throughout the American continent, differing in lifestyle, languages, customs, and belif systems.

What environmental factors led to the diversity of Native societies?

Availability to water, resources, wildlife, and climate.

How did Natives survive by responding to their environment?

Through Adaptation to enviroment, including irrigation, agriculture, and clothing.

When did the Agriculture revolution begin for some Natives?

About $7,000$ years ago when some natives began to cultivate crops.

Which three crops were primary to Native cultivation?

Corn, squash, and beans.

What characterizes Meso Americans groups like the Aztecs, Incas, and Olmecs?

They were Natives who had agriculture and developed more sophisticated societies.

Where were the Meso Americans groups (Aztecs, Incas, Olmecs) located?

Upper South Americal, Southern America, and central Amer ca.

What three factors contributed to the sophistication of Meso American societies?

$1$. trade Network which paved way for Ag in North Americ, $2$. Architecture (Pyramaid structures), and $3$. social thearchy.

How is the 'social thearchy' of sophisticated societies described?

A Top/down Pyramaid systern of soaal classes.

What are the environmental characteristics of the California/Pacific Northwest region?

Costal climate, proximity to water (eg Pacific Ocean), resources like wildlife, nuts, berries, and timber, with isolation due to Sierra Moutains.

What was the lifestyle of the Natives in the California/Pacific Northwest region?

Hunter-gathern relying on fishing, hunting deer, and gathering nuts/berries.

How did the Chumash people settle in their environment?

They lived in small communits called Calicha and built temporary dwellings of cedar food.

What customs or traditions were practiced by California/Pacific Northwest Natives?

They carved totem poles and masks out of redwood.