Chemistry Final

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atom

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the smallest particle of an atom that still has the properties of that atom

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What makes an atom neutral?

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if there is the same number of protons and electrons

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47 Terms

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atom

the smallest particle of an atom that still has the properties of that atom

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What makes an atom neutral?

if there is the same number of protons and electrons

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electron cloud

the space around the nucleus where the electrons orbit

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electrons

negatively charged subatomic particles that help make up an atom

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What determines which element an atom is?

the number of protons

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neutrons

subatomic particles that do not have a charge

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atomic number

the number of protons in an atom

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mass number

the atomic mass of an atom (protons + neutrons)

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1 amu =

1/12 of a carbon-12 atom

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hyphen notation

name of the element - mass number of element

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How are cations formed?

The atom loses electrons creating a positive charge

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How are anions formed?

An atom gains electrons, creating a negative charge

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What type of element generally forms cations?

Metals

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What is the formula for atomic mass?

AMU= (mass A x A%) + (mass B x B%)

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billard ball model

created by Democritius, the proposition that atoms existed

<p>created by Democritius, the proposition that atoms existed </p>
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plum pudding model

created by jj thompson, discovered electrons

<p>created by jj thompson, discovered electrons </p>
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rutherford model

created by ernest rutherford, discovered that the middle of an atom was made up of a nucleus

<p>created by ernest rutherford, discovered that the middle of an atom was made up of a nucleus </p>
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Bohrs/Planetary Model

created by niels bohr, discovered electrons could jump between atoms by gaining or losing energy

<p>created by niels bohr, discovered electrons could jump between atoms by gaining or losing energy </p>
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The Quantum Mechanical model

created by multiple people, discovered the electrons moved in a fuzzy cloud and less of exact orbits

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Who is attributed with the idea of arranging the known elements of his time into a model based on their chemical and physical properties?

Dmitri Mendelev

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Who arranged the periodic table of elements by atomic number?

Henry Mosely

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The periodic law states there is a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties of the elements…

when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

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valence electrons

electrons on the outer shell of an atom

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What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

periods

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What do elements in the same periodic group have in common?

same valence configuration, same number of valence electrons, similar chemical properties

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What do elements in the same periodic periods have in common?

same number of electron shells

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What does PEL stand for?

Principal energy levels

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How many elements are in the 2nd and 3rd rows of the periodic table?

eight

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How many valence electrons do atoms in group 17 have?

7 or 17

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What are the three classes of elements?

Metals, metalliods, non-metal

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What elements are metalliods?

B, Si, As, Te, Ge, Sb

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Which class of elements is dull, brittle, gains electrons, and are not good conductors?

non-metals

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Which class of elements lose electrons, malleable, ductile, and are good conductors?

metals

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most reactive group of nonmetals

17- halogens

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completely unreactive periodic group

18- noble gases

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which rows contain the transition metals?

3-12

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most reactive group of metals

1- alkali metals

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first row of the f-block elements

lathinides

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class of elements that have both metal and nonmetal properties

metalliods

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What is the periodic trend for atomic radius?

increases from left to right, increases down the group

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What is the periodic trend for ionization energy?

increases from right to left across, increases up the group

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What is the periodic trend for electronegativity?

increases from right to left across until the noble gases, increases up the group

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what is ionization?

the amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom

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what is electronegativity?

the amount of attraction an element has to gaining electrons

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Do metals have high or low electronegativity?

low

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What element is most electronegative?

fluorine

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