Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete

is one of the world's most widely used building materials (bridges, skyscrapers, foundations, walls — modern construction) ; is a cost-effective and durable material, making it a popular choice for large-scale construction projects

concrete and steel

Reinforced concrete is a composite material made of ______ and __________.

Joseph Monier

He recognized the strength of concrete and steel when combined and patented a process for reinforcing concrete with steel rods.

strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness

The advantages of reinforced concrete include its _________, ___________, and _____________.

fire resistance, sound insulation, service life

Reinforced concrete has higher __________, better __________, and longer __________ than other materials.

First Design Consideration

s the structure's load-bearing capacity, which is determined by the amount of reinforcement used and the amount of concrete used in the structure. it is important to ensure that the reinforcement is sufficient to handle the loads that will be placed on the structure and that the concrete is strong enough to provide adequate support

Second Design Consideration

the effectiveness of the reinforcement which includes both the type of reinforcement and the way it is installed.

Third Design Consideration

is the durability of the structure in different climates, wherein different climates can cause different types of wear and tear on a structure, and it is essential to ensure that the reinforced concrete is designed to withstand the elements of the environment in which it is located; includes assessing the amount of insulation needed and the types of coatings or sealants that will be necessary to protect the structure

Fourth Design Consideration

is the consideration of any environmental impacts that may result from the construction of the structure. it is important to ensure that the construction process does not cause any harm to the environment and that the structure is built using sustainable materials and practices.

Fifth Design Consideration

s adherence to local building codes. This ensures that all construction processes are by local building codes is essential, as any mistakes or violations can cause serious problems

Plain concrete

is an artificial stone as a result of mixing cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water.

Reinforced concrete

is a concrete with reinforcement properly embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces.

Rapid Hardening Portland cement

preferred when high early strength concrete is desired.

Blast Furnace or Sulfate cement

used on concrete structures designed to resist chemical attack

Low Heat Portland cement

used for massive section designed to reduce the heat of hydration.

Portland Pozzolan cement

with a low hardening characteristics concrete

Lime

composition of cement : 1.6-65 %

Silica

composition of cement : 18-25 %

Alumina

composition of cement : 3-8% %

Iron Oxide

3 - 5 %

Magnesia

2 - 5 %

Sulfur Trioxide

1 - 5 %

Coarse aggregates

such as crushed stone, crushed gravel or natural gravel with particles retained on 5mm sieve.

Fine Aggregates

such as crushed stone, crushed gravel, sand or natural sand with particles passing on 5mm sieve.

Water Cement Ratio

is first determined at the very first hour of mixing to meet the requirements of strength and durability

Workability

means the ability of the fresh concrete to fill all the voids between the steel bars and the forms without necessarily exerting much effort in tamping.

Designed mixture

A classification of concrete mixture where the contractor is responsible in establishing the mixture proportion that will achieve the required strength and workability as specified in the plan.

Prescribed Mixture

A classification of concrete mixture where the designing engineers specify the mixture proportion. The contractor’s responsibility is only to provide a properly mixed concrete containing the right proportions as prescribed in the plan.

Concrete Proportion

A classification of concrete mixture where proportioning concrete mixture is done in two different ways; by weight or by volume method.

1 : 1 ½ : 3

Concrete Proportion for Class AA

1 : 2 : 4

Concrete Proportion for Class A

1 : 2 ½ : 5

Concrete Proportion for Class B

1 : 3 : 6

Concrete Proportion for Class C